1. His childhood was that an ordinary normal child who was fond of the adults who surrounded him. 2. He began to look down upon his relatives mainly because they were shocked by the language he used and were inclined to have ridiculous ideas about the danger of climbing trees. 3. As he was not allowed to do lots of things he got into the habit of concealing whatever he did. 4. When he became a grow-up man he still felt like hiding the book he was reading when somebody entered the room. 5. It become a deeply-rooted habit with him of keeping things to himself. 6. This was the result of the years during which he was obliged to manoeuvre when trying to do things he was not allowed to, which he believed to be harmless and natural.
Ex. 2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following and use them in sentences:
(); ; ; -; ; ; ; ; () ; ; ; ; .
Ex. 3. Find in the text words or phrases that express notions contrary to the ones conveyed by the following:
to be social (frank, open-hearted, likeable); to share ones thoughts (feelings) with; to be good company; to show respect for; to confide in; to be timid (submissive), obedient, well-mannered, well-behaved; to allow a child much freedom; to impose no restrictions; to encourage; not to curb ones impulses; to enjoy life; to be perfectly content; to live in harmony with.
Render the text into English.
, , , , . , , , (unaccessible) (unfathomable) - (blasphemy).
, , , , . .
, , , , (to be destined to) (memorable day): , ; , , , - , ! - . - (by magic) ; , , , , .
- ?! --! ?! - , . - ! - , , - , (what cant be cured must be endured)... - .
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, (to overhear) , (beneficial), (soothing effect). , , (frame of mind).
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IV .
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6
IV .
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, 2006
CONTROL WORK 6
MASS MEDIA
The Story so Far.
The idea of a machine able to broadcast both sound and vision goes back to 1875. But it wasnt until 1926 that a Scottish engineer turned the idea into a practical reality. Now, his vention dominates the modern media. This is its story.
John Logie Baird produced the first television pictures just eight years after the First World War. They were in black and white and were very clear, but he had proved that the principle worked. Early sets made in the years Bairds break through cost as much as a small car and not many were sold. Soon, though, his original system was improved and in 1936 Britains first regular TV programme went on the air. Heres Looking At You was broadcast by the BBC from north Londons Alexandra Palace studios twice a day for a weekly budget of the thousands pounds. But Great Britain wasnt the only country producing programmes. Other European nations, including Germany, were also involved in the early days of television. As, of course, was America - and its there that the real TV revolution began after World War Two.
US television boomed in the late 40 s. Commercial stations began to open in almost every city, and national network made programmes which were seen from coast to coast. One of the American network - CBS - even developed a colour service as early as 1951. Two years later, TV took another important step when it covered its first major international event - the coronation of Britains Queen Elizabeth II. It was the first time that a worldwide audience of millions had seen history take place in their own homes.
By the end of the decade, TV culture was rapidly becoming a fact of life on both sides of the Atlantic. Even so, it was still a very young medium - lots of people didnt have sets - and many experts thought it wouldnt last. That all changed in the 60s and 70s, though, as television started to satisfy the publics desire, not just for entertainment, but also for rapid, accurate information. As more and more sets were sold, the importance of TV news quickly grew. After all - what other medium could show you live - as TV did in 1969 - Neil Armstrongs first steps on the moon?
Since 1980 there have been four more major developments.
The first is video, which has given viewers the power to control what they watch and when they watch it. These days, fifty per cent of homes have a VCR (video-cassette recorder) and millions more are being sold every year.
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The second is satellite TV. Thanks to DBS (direct broadcast satellites), dozen of new channels are now available to anyone who buys a receiving dish. Many of these new channels specialized in one kind of programme - e.g. news, sport, cartoons, music, movies.
The third development is cable - a system of hi-tech wires, which provieds even more channels... at a price. But not only that. Cable also makes it possible for you to communicate through your TV, not just the other way around. More about in a moment.
Fourthly, theres HDTV (high definition television), which now offers a much clearer and more realistic picture than was possible even a few years ago.
So... more channels, more choice, more clarity. What is there left for TV to achive in the future? The answer to that is two-way communication. Modern technology means that twenty-first century televisions will belinked to computer databanks. This way, viewers will be able to ask questions (via remote control) about what theyre watching and the answer will appear on their screens. This idea is called hyper-media and its still at an early stage. But then, as weve just seen, TV has come a very long way in a short time. The hyper-media revolution could happen sooner than many people think.
a. As you read the text find the English equivalents to the following:
, , , , , , 40- , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
