See hear watch listen to feel notice
VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE
I saw her go out. , .
I saw you cross the street. , .
VERB + OBJECT + GERUND (VERB + ing)
I saw her going out. , .
I saw you crossing the street. , .
Translate the sentences into English.
1) , . 2) , . 3) , (leave-left-left). 4) , . 5) , (to lock the door).
5. Give the three forms of the verbs:
1) to shut; 2) to go; 3) to speak; 4) to forget; 5) to write; 6) to bring; 7) to buy; 8) to wake; 9) to throw; 10) to build
Home task
- Refresh your knowledge of three forms of the verbs.
- Learn how to read the words from Ex. IV.
- Learn the words and word-combinations from Ex. III.
- Translate the text.
LESSON 7
: Road and land; roadbed; right-of-way
: Neithernor, eitheror.
I. Read the words correctly:
Mediterranean, weight, tunnel, data, supply, sewerage, major, Siberia, Urals, Asia, ascertain, appliances, air, baggage, parlour, dining, assigned, departure, crew, schedule, few, vacuum, refrigerators, cupboard, linen, various, board, caboose, rear, prior, series, character, fuel, granite, substitute, furnace, blast, shovel, plough, average, advantageous, diverge, quality, longitudinal, homogeneity, trough, anchorage, fasten.
II. Translate the words and word-combinations into English:
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) ; 10) ; 11) ; 12) ; 13) ; 14) ; 15) .
III. Match the words with the definitions:
a) Ability to be unchanged or unharmed by 1) desert
b) Peculiar and essential feature or characteristic 2) to fasten
c) A large sandy piece of land where there is very little rain and 3) speed
few, if any, plants 4) resistance
d) To fix or focus steadily 5) crack
e) A line of division caused by breaking 6) quality
f) Rate of movement or action
IV. Write the words which have the following transcriptions:
1) [`æŋkərıʤ];2) [`kwolıtı]; 3) [`trof]; 4) [`ʃʌvl]; 5) [`plau]; 6) [`fə:nıs]; 7) [kru:]; 8) [fju:].
V. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the words below:
Tie [taı]; enough [ı`nʌf]; earth [ə:θ]; gravel [`grævl]; measure [`meʒə]; utilize [`jutəlaız].
VI. Read and learn the following words:
1) Roadbed ;
2) right-of-way ;
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3) round-house ;
4) 
ware-house , ;
5) power plant ;
6) to lay out , ;
7) strip of land ;
8) cinder ;
9) tie ;
10) width ;
11) earth ;
12) grading , ;
13) to utilize , .
VII. Read the first part of the text and find the English equivalents of the words and word-combinations given below:
ROAD AND LAND; ROADBED; RIGHT-OF-WAY
Railway facilities are usually divided into two general groups: road and equipment.
Road is also referred to as way and structures. It includes land, right-of-way, roadbed and track, signal and communication systems; station and other buildings at terminals; shops and round-houses, warehouses, power plants and lines; offices and other buildings; many other types of structures located both on and off the railway line.
1) ; 2) 볿, ; 3) - ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) , ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) ; 10) , .
VIII. Read the second part of the text and insert the missing words into the text:
24 strip slag engineers track
Engineers lay out the roadbed on the right-of-way. Being a 1) of land, on which the ties and rails are laid, the roadbed should be wide enough to support and carry one or more lines of the 2) that the railway builders plan to lay.
The road may have a foundation of earth or subballast on which the ballast itself is laid, or the rails and ballast may be laid directly on the right-of-way. Consisting of gravel, stone, 3) , cinder, sand or other similar material, ballast (with the subballast) should not be less then 4) inches deep.
Having determined the number of tracks that should be laid, 5) calculate the width of ballast.
Having been thus measured, the roadbed is prepared for laying ballast.
üPay attention to the translation of the structures (Participle Perfect):
Having determined the number of tracks... ...
Having been thus measured... ...
