1 .
RSA . . i ( ) , j q.
:
I | |||||
G | |||||
p q | 7.11 | 5.17 | 3.11 | 11.19 | 13.17 |
I | |||||
G | |||||
p q | 7.17 | 5.11 | 7.13 | 11.17 | 5.13 |
1
- , RSA.
. :
1. q. , 1. .
2. n
n = q.
3.
f( q.)=(-1)(q-1)
1 n, , 1.
4. , , f( q.)
5. d,
* d(mod f( q.))=1
n . d n.
6. . L , L ,
L ³ log2(n.+1); X(i), (0, n-1). , X(i), (i = 1.I). I .
7 Y(i)= (Y(i)) e (mod n).
8.
(i)= (Y(i)) e (mod n).
RSA , . .
:
p q - 3,11
|
|
"" RSA.
1) p=3 and q=11.
2) : n= 3*11=33.
3) : (p-1)*(q-1)=20. , d , , 3: (d=3).
4) : (e*3) mod 20=1. 7: (e=7).
n , d n .
5) 0 32: 16, 17, 6, 5, 6, 12,
6 , 33 , : 010000, 010001, 000110, 000101, 000110, 001100.
L , L ³ log2(33+1); L=6
, {7,33}
Y1 = (167) mod 33 = ;
Y2 = (177) mod 33 = ;
Y3 = (67) mod 33 = ;
Y4 = (57) mod 33 = ;
Y5 = (67) mod 33 = ;
Y6 = (12^7) mod 33 = ;
, {3,33}.
Y1 = (253) mod 33 = ;
Y2 = (83) mod 33 = ;
Y3 = (303) mod 33 = ;
Y4 = (143) mod 33 = ;
Y5 = (307) mod 33 = ;
Y6 = (123) mod 33 = ;
, <16, 17, 6, 5, 6, 12> . .
2. .
2, m , .509. 0 .
RSA , m d.
.
.509 :
Hi=[(Hi-1 Å Mi)2] (mod n), i=l,n, H0 , i =1,2,3,n - - .
. .
.509 p=3, q=11.
:
) : n=pq= 3*11=33
) :
16 17 6 5 6 12
00010000, 00010001, 00000110, 00000101, 00000110, 00001100.
) , i:
M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 |
M7 | M8 | M9 | M10 | M11 | M12 |
|
|
) :
1 | |
Å | |
0=0 | |
0 Å 1 | 11110001=24110 |
[(H0Å M1)2] (mod 33) | 241 mod 33 = 10 |
1 | 1010=00001010 |
2 | |
Å | |
1 | |
1 Å 2 | 11111010=25010 |
[(H1Å M2)2] (mod 33) | 250 mod 33 = 19 |
1 |
3 | |
Å | |
2 | |
2 Å 3 | 11100010=22610 |
[(H2Å M3)2] (mod 33) | 226 mod 33 = 28 |
3 |
4 | |
Å | |
3 | |
3 Å 4 | 11101101=23710 |
[(H3Å M4)2] (mod 33) | 237 mod 33 = 6 |
4 |
5 | |
Å | |
4 | |
4 Å 5 | 11110110=24610 |
[(H4Å M5)2] (mod 33) | 246 mod 33 = 15 |
5 |
6 | |
Å | |
5 | |
5 Å 6 | 11111001=24910 |
[(H5Å M6)2] (mod 33) | 249 mod 33 =18 |
6 |
7 | |
Å | |
6 | |
6 Å 7 | 11100010 = 22610 |
[(H6Å M7)2] (mod 33) | 226 mod 33 = 28 |
7 |
8 | |
Å | |
7 | |
7 Å 8 | 11101001= 233 |
[(H7Å M8)2] (mod 33) | 233 mod 33 = 2 |
8 |
9 | |
Å | |
8 | |
8 Å 9 | 11110010 = 24210 |
[(H8Å M9)2] (mod 33) | 242 mod 33 = 11 |
9 |
10 | |
Å | |
9 | |
9 Å 10 | 11111101 = 253 |
[(H9Å M10)2] (mod 33) | 253 mod 33 = 22 |
10 |
11 | |
Å | |
10 | |
10 Å 11 | 11100110 =23010 |
[(H10ÅM11)2] (mod 33) | 230 mod 33 = 32 |
11 |
12 | |
Å | |
11 | |
11 Å 12 | 11011100 = 22010 |
[(H11ÅM12)2] (mod 33) | 220 mod 33 = 22 |
12 |
, m=22.
:
S=md (mod n) = 223 mod 33 = 22
(M, S) , S, S d.
(M, S), :
1) m, S e:
m=Se (mod n) =227 mod 33 = 22
2) : m=H(M) =22.
m m (M, S) .
1. . . . / . .. . : 1999
2. .. . 2- . . : 200
3. . , . . . 2006