( : +, Li++ .) .
, Ze ( Z = 1), (223.1) r . U (r) . 302. U (r) r ( ) .
y, (217.5), (223.1): (223.2) , . , , -, (223.2) : r, q, j. , , , .
1. . , (223.2) , , y,
(223.3). . .
, , . 1, E 2, 3 ,... . 302 . 1, , , (n > 1, n = 2, 3,...) . <0 . , n n =¥ E ¥ = 0. >0 ; >0 ( . 302) .
(223.3) (212.3), . (), , , .
2. . , (223.2) , : , l l.
n, (223.3), :
, ( ) , . . , , (223.4) l , n
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(223.5). . n , .
, L l , Llx z , : (223.6) l , l (223.7). . 2 l +1 . , ml , 2 l +1 .