. , (430 . . .) . (350 . . .) . , , , (XIII .), (XVI .), (XVII .), . XVII . : (. ) (. X. ).
( ), (), . . , , . , . i1, i2:
(170.1)
, v . n , , , v > , . . .
, , , . , . , .
: , , , . , , t. .
, . ( AS), I (. 243). , . Dt = BC/v. , AD vDt = BC. DC, II. ABC ADC : i¢1 i1.
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. 243
, ( AS), / , , v (. 244).
. 244
Dt. B = Dt. , v, , AD = vDt. DC, III. . 244 , AC = BC/sin i1 = AD/sin i1,. . cDt/sin i1 = vDt/sin i2,
(170.2)
(170.2) (170.1), , , . , v < c, . . .
, XVIII . : . , . XVIII . 18S1 ., . ( . ) , (170.2). XIX . . , , . (17881827), .
, . , , , . , , . , . , , . .
, , , 70- (. 139). (. (162.3)),
v e m. , . , , , ( ). XIX . , , . , , .
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, . , ( ) ( ). , , . . , , , , .
(1900) . (18581947), , , . . (), v:
(170.3)
h .
. . 190S . , , , (170.3),
(170.4)
, . , , ? . , , . () (). - . (170.3) (170.4) . , .