( ), () . . , . . . 1.1.
:
1) , , ;
2) .
, () . , .
(preemptive) (non-preemptive). , .. (non-preemptive multitasking) , , , , . , .
, (preemptive multitasking) , , . , , , . , , (Windows NT, OS/2, Unix), .
, Windows NT. , . . :
. , , , .
(standby). , ( ). , .
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. , , , - , , , .
. : , ; (, -) ; . , .
. , , , , . , , , . .
. , . , , . , , .
( ) .
FCFS (first come first served), , . , ( - , , - /), , . , (. 1.2): , , . , . , .
, , .
, , ( ) , . SJN SRT.
SJN (shortest job next, : ) , . , , , . , JCL (job control language, ) . , ( ), . , . SJN , , . , (, /), . , , , , .
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SRT (shortest remaining time, ).
, , . , . , , , , , , . , , (, , ), . , RR (round robin , ), .
RR , (: , q). q , . , . . 1.3. , . q ( , ) .
RR . , . , , , . , . , . OS/2 Windows NT.
FCFS, SJN, SRT . RR , , .