. , . , , ( ) . , () (+, , *, / ) .
, , .
, , , .
1. , .
2. .
3. , , , .
.
real integer, real single, double, extended comp, integer byte, word, shortint longint.
:
( b + sqrt (sqr(b) 4 * a * c)) / (2 * a)
:
1. .
2. . , .
3. .
: *, /, mod div; +, . : , , , , . div ( mod) , , .
:
5 + 2 * 10 = 25;
10.2 * 5 7 + 8.6/2 = 22.3;
(5 + 105) div 7 = 5
:
.
, : .
; 3 * 2, 1 / x2 , 3 * (2), x1 / (x2).
. . , .
:
1. .
2. .
|
|
|
3. , .
.
abs(x) x
exp(x)
cos(x) cos x
sin(x) sin x
arctan(x) arctg x
ln(x) ln x
sqr(x) x2
sqrt(x) x
random(x) x , real 0<=...<1. x, 0<=...<x.
boolean, true false.
, , .
. , . ,
y < 0, a > b, x = y, x < a b.
: > (), < (), > ( ), < ( ), = (), ( ) : >, <, >=, <=, =, <> . , , .
a + b c + d : a + b <> c + d.
. , s = 5, t = 6, s > t , s < t + 12 .
. true > false .
. , and , ; or , . , not , , .
0 not boolean boolean
1 and boolean boolean
2 or boolean boolean
3 <> boolean
3 = boolean
3 < boolean
3 <= boolean
3 > boolean
3 >= boolean
( ) and, or, not , .
.
:
1) a and b or c;
2) a and (b or c);
3) i <10;
4) (i<10) and (k<= 0).
, , : , , .
, . .
(x > y) or (y > z) and not ((x > 0) or (z > x))
:
4 3 2 1
(x > y) or (y > z) and not ((x > 0) or (z > x))
x = 1, z = 2, y = 1 true.
(x > 0) false, (z > x) false;
|
|
|
(x > 0) or (z > x) false;
not ((x > 0) or (z > x)) true;
(x > y) false, (y > z) true;
(y > z) and not ((x > 0) or (z > x)) true.
false or true true.
, , . ( ) , .
, (), . , , .
. . , , . , . (:=). , Y:= (A * X + B) * X + C := (A * X + B) * X + C, Y. : .
i = 1. i:= i + 1, i 2 (. 34).
v:= e , v . : real, integer.
:
var i, j: integer; x, y: real; a, b: char; p, q: boolean;
:
p:= i < 5;
a:= +;
x:= i + j mod 7;
y:= 275;
y:= x*(sqr(2));
, :
i:= 3.678;
b:= stoka;
a:= +;
1. a, b, c.
.
program task1;
var a, b, c, p, s: real;
begin
readln(a, b, c);
p:= (a + b + c)/2;
s:= sqrt(p*(p a) * (p b)*(p c));
write(s)
end.
, . :
program task1; var a, b, c, p, s: real; begin readln(a, b, c); p:= (a + b + c)/2;
s:= sqrt(p*(p a) * (p b)*(p c)); write(s) end.
, ;.
.
program task1; task1. , , .
var a, b, c, p, s: real; . . a, b, c, p, s , .
begin begin .
readln(a, b, c); readln a, b, c. .
p:= (a + b + c)/2; . , a, b, c , ; 2; p.
s:= sqrt(p*(p a) * (p b)*(p c)); .
write(s); . s.
end. . . end .
, , , . (, ), . . readln . write s.
|
|
|
, begin... end. ; (. 36).
.
, , , . , , . begin end . , , . .
begin
.........
begin
............
begin
............
............
............
end;
............
end;
............
end;
. end .
begin begin
read(i); read(i);
write(i); write(i)
end. end.
, , write(i); end . , . , . , :
A: = B;
R: = 2;
;
K: + 7.2;
: ? , . , :
, , , .
, (, , , ), : . , , :
((, , , ), (, ), , (, ))
, BEGIN END, , .
. .
:
IF <>THEN <1> ELSE <2>,
IF, THEN, ELSE (, , );
<> ;
<1>,<2> .
. <>. TRUE (), <1>, <2> ; FALSE (), , <1> , <2>. :
var
x, y, max: real;
.................
if x > max
then y:= max
else
y:= x;
: x > max , y:= max, y:= x.
ELSE <2> . TRUE <1>, (. 37).
|
|
|
then else , begin end, . else ( if).
2.
Y X.
:
program task2; { }
var x, y: real; { }
begin { }
readln(x); { // }
if x <= 0 then y:= 0 else y:= x*x*x; { // }
write(y) { // }
end. { }
<1> <2> , .
3. Y X.
Coc Y X (. 40).
program task3;
var x, y: real;
begin
read(x);
if x < 2 then
y:= x
else
if x < 3 then
y:= 2
else
y:= x+5;
write(y)
end.
< 2, y , , . < 2 , y
if x < 3 then y:= 2 else y:= x + 5
else , then if, . : else then .
if < 1> then
begin
if < 2> then
< 1>
else
< 2>
end
4. Z. (. 41).
program task4;
var X, Z: real;
begin
readln (x);
if X < 1 then
Z:= sin(x)
else
if X < 2 then
Z:= cos(x)
else
Z:= cos(x)/2;
write (Z= , Z:5:3)
end.
, if X < 1 then Z:= sin(x) else < 2>.
< 2>: if X <2 then Z:= cos(x) else Z:= cos(x)/2.
C ( ) write. write (Z= , Z:5:3) Z= Z : , .
write
, , . , . : ; : TRUE FALSE; .
:
write(b:m); writeln(b:m);,
b ; m , .
:
write(dd:6,ir:8);
dd ir . . , . , .
, . :
write(b:m:n); writeln(b:m:n);
m , ; n , .
:
write(a:8:3);
, .
, , .
.
write( :q);,
q , .
:
|
|
|
program;
const
pi = 3.141592;
t = 401;
w = true;
sim = D;
begin
writeln(pi=,pi:8:6);
writeln(t:6, :6,w:4, :6,sim:1)
end.
:
pi=3.141592
401 true d
.
() READ READLN. . READ :
) read (a1, a2, a3,..., an) a1, a2, a3,..., an;
) readln (a1, a2, a3,..., an) a1, a2, a3,..., an, ( );
) readln .
.
( enter).
:
var a, b, c: real;
k, t: integer;
...
read (a, b, c);
readln;
read (k, t);
read(a, b, c). , ( readln) read(k, t). ,
0.5 6.23 7.1
3 48
: a = 0.5, b = 6.23, c = 7.1, k = 3, t = 48, .
, ( enter), .
. , , , . , .
var a, b, c: char;
...
read(a, b, c);
: SNR. a, b, c :
a = S, b = N, c = R.
readln, .
EOLN. true, ; false.
. . :
CASE < > OF < > ELSE <> END
CASE, OF, ELSE, END (, , , ); < > ( , REAL STRING); < > : < >: <>; < > , < >; <> .
. ; ni: pi ; ni ; pi .
CASE c OF
n1: p1;
n2: p2;
n3: p3;
.............
nn: pn
ELSE
p
end;
. < >, < > , , . , . , , , ELSE.
ELSE <> . .
5. q Z.
0, q = 0;
sin(x), q = 1;
Z = eX, q = 2;
log(x), q = 3;
x*x .
. 42 , .
q .
.
program task4;
var X, Z: real; q: integer;
begin
write( X ); readln(x);
write( : 0, 1, 2, 3. 0 0, 1 sin(x), 2 exp(x), 3 log(x) );
readln(q);
case q of
0: Z:= 0;
1: Z:= sin(x);
2: Z:= exp(x);
3: Z:= ln(x)
else
Z:= x*x
end;
write(Z = , Z)
end.
6. , .
.
program task6;
var
op: char;
x, y, z: real;
begin
write(x, y = );
readln(x,y);
write(: );
readln(op);
case op of
+: z:= x + y;
: z:= x y;
*: z:= x * y;
/: z:= x / y;
else
write( !);
end;
write( = , z)
end.
. : , , . , : !.
: , , . . :
2 2
*
= 4
18.5 0.12
+
= 18.62
, . () . ( ), . .
