.. .
|
:
| |
| 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 |
| 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
. "... "" , - " [1], - 7 1939 . , . "" - " [2] - . . " " , XIX . " ", , . , "", . , " " , ("the most exasperating of philosophers") [3].
1 . .: "Hume and present Day Problems...". London 1939, p. IV.
2 K. Smith. The philosophy of David Hume. London, 1941, p. 537; cp. p. 561.
3 Cp. J. A. Passmre. Hume's Intentions. Cambridge, 1952, pp. 157, 159.
? , , . , , : ...
, , , . , . , .
, . ", - . . , - " [1]. , , . . . . . . 1847 . , ", , [] ...", , , , " , causa sufficiens", , . , " ..." [2]. , (antecedent) (excessive) . , . . , " , ". , , "..." " ()" . , . " ..." "..." " (very sceptical)", , , , . , , . "" "...", , " (mitigated)", "" . .
|
|
1 . . . . . ., . I. M., , 1948. . 197.
2 . . . . .-, . ., . II. ., , 1956, . 393 400.
. , . , " , - , " [1]. , , - . - . , , , " , , - ". "" , . , " , (. . . - . .) " [2].
1 J. A. Passmr. Op. cit., p. 159.
2 . . . ., , 1959, . 691.
, ( ), : "", . , "" "..." " (reason) ". : " , , " [1]. [2]. , , , : , , . . . , , , ", , , , , ..." [3], , , , , , , . . . XX . . .
|
|
, , , , " Inquiry" " , "" [4]. , . , , . , "" : " , [] " [5].
1 GT, I, . 548.
2 . . . Basson. David Hume. London, 1958, p. 150.
3 WM, p. 429.
4 A. Flew. Hume's Philosophy of Belief. A Study of his firsi "Inquiry", London, 1961, p. 116. " Inquiry" .
5 , . 17.
, ? . " ", "" "". , , , , , . XX ., , , " " .
, , . . e , , " (?) " [1], , , . . , , . , , - , . , , . : , "" [2].
1 . . . , 1916, . 11.
2 , , " ".
, , , : , - "" , . , "" : , , , , "" .. - " " , , . " " - .
|
|
? " ", " ". , XIX . . [1], , , . " , - , - ..." [2]. , , .. , , , . . , .
1 . . 1 . Hume. London, 1879, p. 60.
2 , . 63.
- . " ", , , , , . , . . . , ,
" (experimental, empirical)", . . , , [1], , , , "". , . , , "" (: ) , . "... , - , - , , " [2].
, . . . , | " , , " [3].
1 ., , D. G. G. N a b b. David Hume. His theory of Knowledge and Morality. London, 1951, pp. 18 - 19. , , , " (challenge)", , , , , . (. J. . assmr. Op. cit., . 67 6.53 "- " ).
|
|
2 LT, II, . 114; . , . 72.
3 . . . . . . . I, . 197.
- , , , , . , , . , !
- . , , - , , , . XX . - ( ). "" "..." , .
, , . , . , , , , , "". , " ", , , .
, . , , , .
, , . , , , - , . , , ( ) . XX . : "", , .. . , , - . , "", . , , . , XX ., .
, . , . , " ", " " .. . , . , , , , , , . , : "" , - . , , , [1].
|
|
XX . , XVIII . , . . , - . , "" [2]. . "" .
"" , , . , : "... , , , ..." [3]. : " " [4]. - , - . , , , .
1 . " "" "" . " (" ", 1964, 3).
2 . . . . . . ., - , 1957, 84 - 87.
3 , . 69; . , . 250.
4 , . 60 - 61.
, , ; . . . , " " [1]. . , , . , , [2].
, , "", . . [3], , , "" , [4].
1 S Du r. Reid jako krytyk epistemologii Hume'a. "Studia filozoficzne", 1962, Nr. 3 (30).
2 , , " ". . , " " " - 1776 . , " [] (felt as if scales had fallen from my eyes)".
3 . . . . . . ., . 18, . 205.
4 .: Delia V 1 . La Filosofia dell' esperienza di Davide Hume. Firenze, 1933.
, . - . , -: , , . . . , " ..." [1]. , . , " , "" . " " . [2], . , , "" , .
. . , " - ""... " [3], . , , . , . . , , "" , - , - : , XIX . . , , . . " . , .
1 N. . Smith. Op. cil, p. 154.
2 . J. A. Passraore. Op. cit., ch. IV.
3 . . . . . ., . 18, . 107 174; . . 214.
, , XIX - XX . . , . "" , .
, . , . , " " , . . . , " ", , , "" - - . , .
, - " ", , . , . , ", , " [1]. , , . . - , , . , , -- " " [1], "" [2]. " ", , . , "" . , " ". , , , ( 1848 .) . . . " " " (excellent) " [3]. , , [4]. : , . "..." , ( , ) [1]. , , - " " [2], : , , , [3].
1 . . . ., . 20, . 142.
1 .: W. Sidel-Hoppner. Zur Kritik der Auffassung des Positivismus uber das Verhaltnis von Philosophie und Naturwissenschaft. "Deutsche Zeit-schrift fur Philosophie", 1958, Nr. 5, S. 708, ff.
2 Cm. A. W i e g n e r. W sprawie tak zwanej "prawdy wzglednej" "Studia filozoficzne", 1963, Nr. 1, str. 127.
3 . "Logical positivism" ed. by A. Ayer. Illinois, 1959, p. 10.
4 . D. G. G. M N a b b. David Hume. His theory of Konowledge and Morality. London, 1951; J. R. Weinberg. An Examination of Logical Positivism. London., 1950, p. 3.
. , , XVIII - XIX ., . , , , , , . " , , - [ ], . , (matter of fact), , , . . " [4].
1 J A. Passmore. Op. cit., p. 68.
2 Ibid., p. 156.
3 N. Kemp Smith. Op. cit., p. 561.
4 Farhang Z a b e e h. Hume, precursor of modern empiricism. An analysis of his opinions on Meaning, Metaphysics, Logic and Mathematics. The Hague, 1960, p. 158.
, , , , . XVIII ., "" . , - , . , XX . , : , , !
, , . , , . , " ", " ". , . . . " " (1909) , , , , , . , < . , . , , , , , , " " , , , . , .
, , , , , . . . , . .
, , , "" , . , . , . "... : - . . , - , . " [1].
- , , , , , , [2]. ( , , .)
, . , , . XIX . " " . " " . [3] , , , .
1 . . . . . ., . 18, . 63.
2 . . . . . . ., . IV. ., , 1958, . 707.
3 . . . . . . ., . III. M., , 1957, . 448,
, "" , , - . , , , , , , XIX . , . , (. ), (. ), (. ), (. ) ..
, . , : , , , , "" . XX . , , . [1], , , . " " ( " ") ( , ). .
1 " ", 1959, 9, . 87 - 98.
, - ' , , , , . , . - , . , , , , , , . , , . . . "" , . . , " ". "" , . . , .
. , XX . , , " , " [1]. " " , - , , . . . " " XX ., , "" , "", [2].
1 "Studia filozoficzne", 1964, Nr. 1 (36), str. 72.
2 "Studia filozoficzne", 1964, Nr. 1 (36), str. 73.
XX ., . : , - , . , . : , ; . .
"" , - . , , ( , ) , , . ., ( ) . - , , . , -, , . . - , , , - "" . "" .
XIX . "" , . , - - , , . , , , , . , , , , [1]. , , , " " . , - , , . . XX . . . " " . " " . , "" , " " "" , . , .
1 . . . . 12 1868 . (. . . . ., . 32, . 182).
. . . " ", , , . , , ( ). , . . . , " - , -, , , , " [1].
. , . XX . , , , , , - . : - : "..., , - , - ..." [2]. , . " , - , . , - , - " [3]. , , , , .
1 . . . . I. ., 1905, . 173.
2 , . 5.
3 . "Hume and present Day Problems", p. 228.
, , "" "" , , . , , , , , . , , , [1]. , , , , , .
, , , -, . , " " . " " (1906) , "" .
, [2]. XX . . , - [3]. . : " , " [4]. . . " " : " , , , " [1]. , , " " [2], , . " " [3]. [4], , . , , "" . . . .
1 , (. J. Y. . Grig. David Hume. London, 1934, p. 14).
2 . . . . ., . 21, . 284.
3 . . . a s s . David Hume. London, 1958, p. 19.
4 G. E. Moore. Philosophical Studies. London, 1922, p. 165.
, . " " - ( ), , . , , " , " [5]. , . , . , "" , , , , [6].
1 . Russell. An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth. London, 1940, p. 7.
2 A. Ayer. Language. Truth and Logic. 2d ed. London, 1960, p. 31.
3 A. Ayer. The Foundations of empirical knowledge. Stockholm, 1953, pp. 183 - 185, 194.
4 B. Russell. Our knowledge of the external world. London, 1952, pp. 220, 225.
5 F. Copleston. A History of Philosophy, vol. V. Westminster-Maryland, 1961, p. 317.
6 H. - H. S h r e y. Weltbild und Glaube im 20. Jahrhundert. Gottingen, 1956, SS. 22, 59.
XX . , , . , , . , , "" , , [1].
, . . , . . , . : , . , , . , , .
, . , , , . " XIX XX " [2], - . [3], [4] " ". . "". "..." : " , (no reason at all). , , ..." [5].
1 J. Wisdom. Philosophy and Psycho-Analysis. Oxford, 1957, p 253. . . . . . - XX . ., - , 1962; . . . . " ", 1963, 5.
2 . . . ., , 1959, . 691; . Ch. L a u . Der Irrationalismis als philosophischer Grundzug David Hume's [. ], 1914.
3 Cm. Andre-Louis Ler. David Hume. Paris, 1953, pp. 315 - 321.
4 . R. t z. David Hume. Leben und Philosophie. Stuttgait. 1929.
5 , . 246.
, , " " , . - .
, , , . , , , , , . , , . , .
, , , . .
? , , . , " " "", , , . , . , . , . , . (, , , !) .
. .