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We found the cult of Ra more or less of aristocratic theological system, in early times at least; and for the cult of the people we have to turn to the worship of Osiris. Undoubtedly the best parallel to the worship of Ra in Egypt is to be found in that of the sun in ancient Peru. Just the monarch of Peru personified the sun on earth, and acted as his regent in the terrestrial sphere, so the Egyptian monarchs styled themselves sons of the sun. In both instances the solar cult was eminently aristocratic in character. This is proved by the circumstance that the paradise of Ra was sphere more spiritual by far than that of Osiris, with its purely material delights. Those happy enough to gain the heaven of the sun-god were clothed with light, and their food was described as light. The Osirian paradise, again, it will be recalled, consisted of converse with Osiris and feasting with him. The Egyptian mind was a strongly material cast, it greatly favored the conception of a field of reeds, where man could enjoy the good things and creature-comforts that he so much desired upon earth, rather than the unsubstantial fare and raiment of the more superlative sphere of Ra. The worship of Osiris was fundamentally African and Egyptian in character, but there is strong reason to believe that the cult of Ra possessed many foreign elements, possibly West Asiatic or Scandinavian in origin, which accounts for the coldness with which the masses of Egypt regarded his worship. There is no doubt, however, that, to the aristocracy of Egypt, Ra stood in the position of the creator and father of the gods.[94]

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One of the most striking circumstances in connection with Egyptian magic was the use of what has come to be known as names of power. The savage fancies that there is a very substantial bond between a man and his name that, in fact, magic maybe may be wrought on a man just as easily through his name as through the possession of his hair or nails. Among the ancient Celts there was universal believe not only that the name was a part of the man, but that it was that part of him which is termed the soul. We find the use of these names of power extremely common all over the East, also Australia, Abyssinia, Chile, North America. To return to Egypt, we find that many Egyptians received two names the great name and the little name, or the true name and the good name; the latter was that made public, but the true name was most carefully concealed. A good illustration of the power possible to the wielder of the name is found in the legend of the manner in which Isis succeeded in procuring his secret name from Ra.

Isis, weary of the world of mortals, determined to enter that of the Gods, and to this end made up her mind to worm his secret name from the almighty Ra. This name was known to no mortal, and no even to any God but himself. By this name Ra grown old, and, like many others venerable persona, he often permitted the saliva to flow from the corners of his mouth. Some of his fell to the earth, and Isis, mixing it with the soil, kneaded it into the shape of a serpent, and cunningly laid it in the path traversed by the great god every day. Bursting upon the world in his effulgence, and attended by the entire pantheon, he was astounded when the serpent, rising from its coil, stung him. He cried aloud with pain, and, in answer to the agitated questions of his inferior divinities, was silent. The poison swiftly overcame him, and a great ague seized him. He called all the gods come that their healing words might make him well, and with them came Isis, who cunningly inquired what ailed him. He related the incident of the serpent to her, and added that he was suffering the greatest agony. Then, said Isis, tell me thy name, Divine Father, for the man shall live who is called by his name. Ra attempted a compromise by stating that he was Khepera in the morning, Ra at noon, and Atem in the evening; but the poison worked more fearfully within him than before, and he could no longer walk. Isis conjured him to tell her his name in order that he might live; so, hid-ing himself from all the other gods, he acquainted her with his hidden title. When it was revealed Isis immediately banished the poison from his veins, and he became whole again. The speech of Ra, I consent that Isis shall search into me and that my name shall pass from my breast into hears, would seem to show that not only was the power of the god inextricably bound up with his real name, but that it was suppose to be lodged in an almost physical sense, somewhere in his breast, whence it could be extricated and transferred with all its supernatural powers to the breast of another. What Isis was able to do was aspired to by every Egyptian magician, who left no stone unturned to accomplish this end. Because the man who knows the most great name of God can, by the mere utterance of it, kill the living, raise the dead, and perform most marvelous miracles.[95]

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Rhea (the sky-goddess) was the wife of Helios (Ra). She was, however, beloved by Cronos, who's affection she returned. When Ra discovered his wife's infidelity he was wrathful indeed, and pronounced a curse upon her, saying that her child should not be born in any month or in any year. Now the curse of Ra the mighty could not be turned aside, for (because) Ra was the chief of all the gods. In her distress Nut called upon the god Thoth (the Greek Hermes), who also loved her. Thoth knew that the curse of Ra must be fulfilled, yet by very cunning stratagem he found a way out of the difficulty. He went to Silene, the moon-goddess, whose light rivaled that of the sun herself, and challenged her to a game of tables. The stakes on both sides were light, but Silene staked some of her light, the seventieth part of each of her illuminations, and lost. Thus it came about that her light wanes and dwindles at certain periods, so that she is no longer the rival of the sun. From the light, which he had won from the moon-goddess Thoth made five days which he added to the year (at that time consisting of three hundred and sixty days) in such wise that they belonged neither to the preceding nor to the following year, nor to any month. On these five days Nut was delivered of her five children. Osiris was born on the first day, Horus on the second, Set on the third, Isis on the fourth and Nephthys on the fifth. (another versions give a children of Nut as: Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys and Anubis).[97]

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Everything which the texts of all periods record concerning Osiris goes to show that he was an indigenous god of North-east Africa, and that his home and origin were possibly Libyan. In any case, we may take it that Osiris was genuinely African in origin and that he was indigenous to the soil of the Dark Continent.[98]

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