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Parliament




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Unit 1. Political System.. 5

Unit 2. Constitution. 20

Unit 3. Parties and Electoral system.. 26

Unit 4. Law and Order 36

Unit 5. Courts in Great Britain and the USA.. 41

Unit 6. Legal Professions. 48

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Unit 1. Political System

State and Government of Great Britain

Great Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch Queen Elizabeth II as head of the State. Political stability owes much to the monarchy. Its continuity has been interrupted only once (the republic of 16491660) in over a thousand years. The Queen is impartial and acts on the advice of her ministers.

Parliament

The Parliament comprises the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Queen in her constitutional role. The Commons has 650 elected Members of Parliament (MPs), each representing a local constituency. The Lords is made up of hereditary and life peers and peeresses, and the two archbishops and 24 most senior bishops of the established Church of England. The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Commons. Limitations on the power of the Lords it rarely uses its power to delay passage law are based on the principle that the House as a revising chamber should complement the Commons and not rival it. The proceedings of both houses of Parliament are broadcast on television and radio, sometimes live or more usually in recorded and edited form. Once passed through both Houses, legislation receives the Royal Assent.

General elections to choose MPs must be held at least every five years. Voting, which is not compulsory, is by secret ballot and is from the age of 18. The candidate polling the largest number of votes in a constituency is elected. In the election of June 1987, when 75 percent of the electorate voted, the Conservative Party gained an overall majority of 101 (Conservative 375 seats, Labour 229, Liberal 17, Social Democratic 5 and others 24). In 1988 the Liberal and Social Democratic parties merget and are now Liberal Democrats.





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