, , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , (, , , , , , .), (, ), (), () . . , () , , , , , , ..
(restraint of trade doctrine)[134]. XX . , , . , 1918 ., , . 1930 . XXVI , , . . , XX ., , , : ( ) (Monopolies and Restrictive Practices (Inquiry and Control) Act) 1948 .; (Resale Prices Act) 1964 .; (Mergers and Monopolies Act) 1964 .; (Restrictive Trade Practices Act) 1956 1976 .; (Fair Trading Act) 1973 .; (Competition Act) 1980 .[135]. , . 1998 . :
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1948 .;
1964 .;
1998 .
, . () (Secretary of state for trade and industry). (Mergers and Monopolies Comission), , .. - , . (Director general of Fair Trading) . , . , .
. . (promise). (Restrictive Practices Court) . ( ), .