, . , , .
, , , . , , . .
2. (Keynesian cross) , .
. ( ): V = , V - , ; - .
. , . , - .
, , :
= + I + G.
: = (V - ), - I = I ( ), , G = G = Ғ, :
= (V - T) + I + G.
, , .
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- . . " ". (AD) 1 (AS > AD), , , . 2 V2, : (AD > AS), . .
Vo . , . .
(Vo < V'), , , .. , . - ( AD = AS). , , , , : Vo = V'.
(Vo > V'), , . - : , , . , .. - . .
, .. , .
, , .
, , , , . . . , . , , , . . , .
. , . , , , , . , , , ( ), , , .