. .: , 1999
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( 80 ),
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ISBN 966-95036-6-3
. . 000 " '
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I .................... | ....53 |
II .................. | ....56 |
III ................. | ....58 |
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, , , . : (30 45 . ..) , , , , "De medicina". , , . ,
! - - -- (841(850)-926(929) .), Rhazes, 25- "Conlinens" (" ") 10- "Almansor" (" ") ,
4
XV-XVI . , 1480 () () . (1460-1520 (1525)) .
-(1690-1762.) 1728. , , . , , . - .
XIX ., . 1870 . ; . .
1826 . , " " (O.Taveay, ). 1840 . " " . , . , 1895 G.V.Black. , [ .
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, , , , , , , , , ,, , , .
XIX (, , IX ) "" , . caementum , , , , ,
1832 Ostermann , , 1858 Feichtinger 1880 (Ward) - , , 81 % 19% , , ,
XIX , , , ,
, . , ( 15%) .
- . , , ( , ), - . , , , , .
. , . . , . (), . , ( , ). , , , . , Si-0 1-0 .
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- , , , .
, - , 60- XX . , , 30-50% () (. 1). , () .
. 1. () ()
( ) - . , . , , , , , . , , , . , , . .
, Alan D.Wilson Brian E. Kent (1971), - . - . , - , (-) (.2).
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(. Smith, 1996) , - .
ASPA-IV ( ) A.D. Wilson .. Kent (1971) 70- De Trey. - , 80 .
, - (McLean J.W. et al., 1994).
, . , (A.D.Wilson, B.E.Kent, 1972; T.I.Barry et al., 1979;
D..Smith, 1990). A.D.Wilson , . , - (, - ).
. 2:1 23 % .
() . (SiO2), (Al2O3) (CaF2). , . ( , ). . 1.
1. (R.G.Graig, 1997; S.C., 1998)
SiO, | 29,0 |
1,0 | 16,6 |
CaFz | 34,3 |
NasAlFs | 5,0 |
1 | 5,3 |
104 | 9,8 |
, , (J.W.McLean, A.D.Wilson, 1977; A.S.Atkinson, G.J. Pearson, 1985; D.C. Smith, 1990; ., 1996).
(>40%) ( ) , , , ( ).
, , -, . AL2O3/ SiO2 : , 2:1.
- , , . . , , . .
, - . ( ) ,
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20-25 %.
, ,
( , )
. 2
.
2.
, | ||
120 | , , -, | ( ), |
SiOz | , , | ( , ), |
AkOa/SiOz | ||
( ) | ||
CaF^, Na3ALF6 | , | , |
104 | , , | ( ), ,, |
NaF | ||
, Sr,La | - |
, .
---. 1000-1300 - , . (40-50 ) , 20-25 . , , , .
. , . , , - (. 3). - , , . - 2 , , , .
. () . . , -
. 3. (), () () 16
, : - ------- -------- . . ------------ .
, .
, . . , ( 10 000 30 000) . - 47,5 % . , , , , , .
(, ) . , . -
. 4.
. , 5% (.4) , (. 5). . .
. 5. 18
( ) , , - 5 % .
( ) - , (J.W. McLean et al., 1984) ( 4 %, ) . , , . , , , , . (J.J. Simmonds, 1986;
R.S. Tobias et al, 1989) . / - (3,3.1-3,4:1), (1,3.1-1,35 1). , , 1981.
: , ( ), . , .
, , , , () 10 . - (. Kimmel, 1994,1995).
, . , , (.6), . , , . , .
:
. 6. ,
1 ( , , - )
2 ( , , )
3. ( , , )
. , , , ( , ) ( ) , 24 ( 3-6 , , ). ( , ) 20-30 % .
. 7 ( 7). - . , , , , -
. 7. :