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ISBN 966-95036-6-3




. .: , 1999

, , , . . . , . .

, , , , () ,

, ,

( 80 ),

-,,, , , ""

 

ISBN 966-95036-6-3

. . 000 " '

 

........................ ......4
................................................................. ......7
................... ....12
... ....19
...................................... ...21
.... 27 ..................................... 46
..................... ....52
I .................... ....53
II .................. ....56
III ................. ....58
.................................................. ....60
.................................................................. ....61
.............................................................. ....64
.................................... ....74
............. ....76
............................................................. ....86
........................................................... ....90
.............................................................. . 104

 

 

, . , , , .

, , , . : (30 45 . ..) , , , , "De medicina". , , . ,

! - - -- (841(850)-926(929) .), Rhazes, 25- "Conlinens" (" ") 10- "Almansor" (" ") ,

4

 

XV-XVI . , 1480 () () . (1460-1520 (1525)) .

-(1690-1762.) 1728. , , . , , . - .

XIX ., . 1870 . ; . .

1826 . , " " (O.Taveay, ). 1840 . " " . , . , 1895 G.V.Black. , [ .

, , , , , , , , , ,, , , .

 

XIX (, , IX ) "" , . caementum , , , , ,

1832 Ostermann , , 1858 Feichtinger 1880 (Ward) - , , 81 % 19% , , ,

XIX , , , ,

, . , ( 15%) .

- . , , ( , ), - . , , , , .

. , . . , . (), . , ( , ). , , , . , Si-0 1-0 .

- , , , .

, - , 60- XX . , , 30-50% () (. 1). , () .

. 1. () ()

( ) - . , . , , , , , . , , , . , , . .

, Alan D.Wilson Brian E. Kent (1971), - . - . , - , (-) (.2).

(. Smith, 1996) , - .

ASPA-IV ( ) A.D. Wilson .. Kent (1971) 70- De Trey. - , 80 .

, - (McLean J.W. et al., 1994).

, . , (A.D.Wilson, B.E.Kent, 1972; T.I.Barry et al., 1979;

D..Smith, 1990). A.D.Wilson , . , - (, - ).

. 2:1 23 % .

() . (SiO2), (Al2O3) (CaF2). , . ( , ). . 1.

1. (R.G.Graig, 1997; S.C., 1998)

SiO, 29,0
1,0 16,6
CaFz 34,3
NasAlFs 5,0
1 5,3
104 9,8

 

, , (J.W.McLean, A.D.Wilson, 1977; A.S.Atkinson, G.J. Pearson, 1985; D.C. Smith, 1990; ., 1996).

(>40%) ( ) , , , ( ).

, , -, . AL2O3/ SiO2 : , 2:1.

- , , . . , , . .

, - . ( ) ,

, .

20-25 %.

, ,

( , )

. 2

.

2.

,
120 , , -, ( ),
SiOz , , ( , ),
AkOa/SiOz
( )
CaF^, Na3ALF6 , ,
104 , , ( ), ,,
NaF
, Sr,La -

 

, .

---. 1000-1300 - , . (40-50 ) , 20-25 . , , , .

. , . , , - (. 3). - , , . - 2 , , , .

. () . . , -

. 3. (), () () 16

, : - ------- -------- . . ------------ .

, .

, . . , ( 10 000 30 000) . - 47,5 % . , , , , , .

(, ) . , . -

. 4.

. , 5% (.4) , (. 5). . .

. 5. 18

 

( ) , , - 5 % .

( ) - , (J.W. McLean et al., 1984) ( 4 %, ) . , , . , , , , . (J.J. Simmonds, 1986;

R.S. Tobias et al, 1989) . / - (3,3.1-3,4:1), (1,3.1-1,35 1). , , 1981.

: , ( ), . , .

, , , , () 10 . - (. Kimmel, 1994,1995).

 

, . , , (.6), . , , . , .

:

. 6. ,

1 ( , , - )

2 ( , , )

3. ( , , )

. , , , ( , ) ( ) , 24 ( 3-6 , , ). ( , ) 20-30 % .

. 7 ( 7). - . , , , , -

. 7. :





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