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| - , - C = (U/P) x V; ; U - - ; P - - ; V 蠠 ࠠ | қ қ ү ғ ң ө C = (U/P) x V; ; U - ң ө; P - ң қ ғ ө; V қ ң ө. ққ ү ғ 80 120 / құ. | Clearance is the volume of plasma cleared from any substance per minute C = (U/P) x V; clearance; U - concentration of the test - substance in urine P - concentration of the test - substance in plasma of blood; V - minute diuresis 80 120 / |
| 蠠 - | ө қң ұ | Tubulopathy - impairment of tubular functions |
| C - , , , , . | - үң ө қ ұ , , ң ң ұ ұққ . | Fanconys syndrome - is inherited tubulopathy due to impaired function of proximal tubules, decreased reabcorbtion of glucose, amino acids, phosphates, hydrocarbonates |
| 頠 , ; , ( .D ) | ұққ қ ү ң ң ұ ә ; , (қ .D ө) ұққ . | Inherited renal phosphate diabetes is hereditary tubulopathy with reduced phosphate reabsorption phosphaturia, hypophosphatemia, calciuria, rachitis, osteomalacia (vitD resistant) |
| 2,0 | ң 2,0- қ ө. | Polyuria - is increase in diuresis (more than 2 liters) |
| 500 | ң 500- | Oliguria - is reduction of daily diuresis less than 500ml |
| 50 | ң 50- | Anuria - absence of urine formation and urination (diuresis is less than 50 ml) |
| ( , 堠 ) | ә ғ (ққ қ, ққ ң ) | Pollakiuria is frequent urination (at cystitis, prostate adenoma) |
| - ( - ) | - ү қ ә ғң (ү, ү-қ𠠠 ү ) | Nocturia is predominant night diuresis (at renal diseases and heart failure) |
| ә ә | Proteinuria is protein in urine | |
| - , | ғ ә ә , ққ үң ғ . | Selective proteinuria - is observed at loss of a negative charge by glomerular filter. There are albumins and transferrin in the urine |
| , 젠 (IgG) | ғ砠 ққ үң ө , ә ә қ ә (IgG) . | Nonselective proteinuria is due to increased permeability of glomerular filter, there are albumins, transferrin and high molecular proteins (IgG) in urine |
| ә ң | Hematuria - means erythrocytes in urine | |
| ( ), 200 / | ә ң ө ө (ә ң), ө ғ 200- қ | Pyuria means pus in urine (number of leukocytes in urine more than 200under microscope) |
| - ( 1010 ) | әң ғғ ө (ң қ 1010 ө) | Hyposthenuria is decreased specific gravity of urine less than 1.010 in all portions of Zimnitzkys test |
| - | әң ғғ ғ | Hypersthenuria is increased specific gravity of urine (is observed at diabetes mellitus) |
| - , (1010 1012), ᠠ | - ә әң ғғ ө, ғқ әң ғғң (1010 1012), үң қ қң қғ ә. | Isosthenuria is constant specific gravity and equal the specific gravity of the primary urine (ultrafiltrate) 1.010- 1.012. Isosthenuria reflects the failure of renal concentration ability |
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| - | Glomerulonephritis | |
| , | (қ) үң | are the group of diseases |
| қң қ | in the heart of which are | |
| . | inflammatory processes | |
| in both kidneys | ||
| SO, - | ASO, | Antistreptolysin |
| -, | --, | ASO, antiDNA-ase, |
| antihyaluronidase are | ||
| , | antibodies against | |
| қ | streptococci at acute | |
| қ | poststreptococcal | |
| glomerulonephritis | ||
| үң | Pyelonephritis is a | |
| қ | nonspecific infection | |
| үң қ | inflammation affecting | |
| , үң | the tubules, interstitium, | |
| , | ғ ү | and renal pelvis and is |
| қ | one of the most common | |
| ұқ ү. | diseases of the kidney. | |
| - | қ ө | Nephrotic syndrome |
| , | , қ | means complex of |
| ң ә | symptoms with massive | |
| ( 3 ), | ө | proteinuria, |
| - , | (ә 3 ғ), - | hypoalbuminemia, with |
| , | , | plasma albumin levels |
| , | , | less than 3 g/dl. |
| generalized edema, | ||
| қ | hyperlipidemia and |
| . | lipiduria | |
| үң | Chronic renal failure is | |
| () - | () ү | progressive and |
| қң ү | irreversible deterioration | |
| . | of renal function due to | |
| slow destruction of renal | ||
| parenchyma | ||
| ( . uron , | ( uron - , | Uremia (uremic |
| haima - ) , | ә, haima қ) қ, | syndrome) (from Greek. |
| , | ұ ү қң | Uron- urine, haima - |
| қ ң | blood) urine in | |
| . | blood.End-stage kidney. | |
| Syndrome of | ||
| decompensated renal | ||
| failure |
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6. : . / .. .. .. - .: -, .2, 2013.-.460-467
7. : / ...: -. - 2010.-. 428 - 432
8. : : . . ... : ʳ, 2004. . 212 221
9. . . . . : - , 2002.- 206
10.V.Kumar, A. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Pathologic basis of disease/Elsevier.- 2015.- Ch.20
( )
./ .. .. . -, 2007.-. 400-414
