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Ө ң қ ү, ө (ө ң ғ ) ә ө ( қ ұққ ә ..), , ө ө ғң ө.
Restrictive type of pulmonary hypoventilation, intrapulmonary (syndrome sealing of lung tissue) and extrapulmonary causes (congestion syndrome of gases and liquids in the pleural cavity and others). Pathogenesis, changes in lung volumes and capacities ( )
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| Respiratory insufficiency - is a | ||
| 볠 | pathological process when the | |
| 頠 , | ү | respiratory system is unable to |
| 堠 қ | maintain an adequate blood | |
| ғң ө | gaseous content for the | |
| , | қ қң | metabolic needs of the organism |
| қ қ құ | at the resting state and in work | |
| | қ ұ ө | load. |
| | ||
| 蠠 | ң ғ |
| . | . | |
| 頠 蠠 - 蠠 . | ң ү ғࠠ қ. | Obstructive type of hypoventilation - occurs when there is reduction in passableness of airways. |
| . | ң қ ү ө ө ң ғ . | Emphysema - is a condition of the lung characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. |
| - - , . . | - ң қ ࠠ ә ғ (.қғ) . қққ ғ . | CharcotLeudencrystals crystallized eosinophils enzymes of oblong pyramids shape Meet in a sputum at bronchial asthma |
| 蠠 ࠠ - - , , ࠠ . | қ ң ұ қққ қ қ (.ққ) қ-ұқ ү ә . | Curshmann'sspirals - whitishconvolutedtubularformat ionofmucincould be detected bymicroscopic examination ofsputum atbronchialasthma. |
| . | Ққ ө ғ (FVC- -ҚӨ)- қ қ ң ү ࠠ ү қ қ ғ. | FVC- forced vital capacity - isforceful exhalation after the maximal inhalation. |
| ( 1 / ( 70%); 1 - , . | ққ ғң 1-ғ ө ꠠ ө ғң қ қ (Қ1/Ө) қ ғ 70%. | Tiffnos index is the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second to the FVC (N=70 %). |
| 堠 | қ өң ң | Restrictive type of hypoventilation - occurs when respiratory pulmonary surface |
| . | ө ң ө . | and pulmonary expansion are reduced. It is characterized by reduced compliance (i.e. more pressure is required to expand lungs, because they are stiff). |
| - | қ қ ң 堠 қ ө | Alveolar hypoventilation - a decrease in alveolar ventilation per unit time below the body needs in these conditions |
| ( ) - , , , | 젠 (ө ұқ ң ) - , , ғ, қ ғ. | Laryngospasm (spasm of the larynx) - for example, when hypocalcemia, inhaled irritants, with neurotic conditions |
| I () , 蠠 . 蠠 ⠠ - . | ң () 1 ү қ ү, ұ 堠 . ң қ- қ қ ұғ қ. | RespiratoryinsufficiencyofItype (hypoxemic), thereishypoxemiawithouthyperc apnia, occursat severe parenchymal diseases of lungs, at disorders of gaseous diffusion across alveolar- capillary membrane. |
| II (- ) 堠 . | Ơ 11 ү (қ- қ ү) - ү. Ө ң ұ . | Respiratory insufficiency ofII type - Hypercapnia-hypoxemic type, there is hypoxemia and hypercapnia, occurs at hypoventilation. |
| - 頠 , , ( ). | өң қ ࠠ қғ ұққ, (қ ). | Hydrothorax - fluid in the pleural cavity, causing the lung compression, limiting its unfolding (compression atelectasis). |
| - . , . | - қғ қ. қғ, ө , | Hemothorax - blood in the pleural cavity. This can be in wounds of the chest, pleural tumors. |
| - . | қ ң | Pneumothorax - gas in the pleural cavity. |
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1. : . / .. .. .. - .: -, 2 ., 2013.- 248-257
2. .. : : 2 . .: -, 2010. . 382-386
3. : : . . ... : ʳ, 2004. . 169-178.
4. V.Kumar, A. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Pathologic basis of disease/Elsevier.- 2015.- Ch.11-12
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| - , 蠠 . | қ ү қ-қ ң ө堠 , ұ ғ ө қ ң ғ 砠 ү ұ . | Diffusion form of respiratory insufficiency - is caused by changes of alveolar-capillary membrane. | |
| ͠ | қ Ө | Perfusion form of respiratory | |
| 蠠 | қ | insufficiency - is due to disorders | |
| ұ | of pulmonary blood circulation, | ||
| . | .. | that results in disorders of gas | |
| exchange between alveolar space and the blood perfusing the lungs. | ||
| - (/) 0,8-1,0 (.. , , ). | қ қ қ ( /Қ ) Қ ғ 0,8-1,0 ң ( ғ қғ ө қ ғ ү ә ү, ң ә қ қ ү ) | Ventilation-perfusion ratio (AB / MVB) The normal is 0.8-1.0 (that is carried in the bloodstream of those parts of the lungs in which there is ventilation, thereby alveolar gas exchange occurs between air and blood). |
| 1 >1,0 (/ > 1,0) : | ұң ұқ >1,0 (/Қ > 1,0) ғ қ қ ө ә өң ғ ә. ұ ғ өң ө. | 1 variant violation> 1.0 (AB / MVB> 1.0) Adequate ventilation is poorly supplied with blood, lung areas leads to an increase in this index: it occurs at a local hypoperfusion light |
| 2 <1,0 / < 1,0 - : 頠 | ұң ұқ <1,0 (/Қ <1,0) ғ өң қ қ қ ң ә . қ- қ өң ө ә. ұ ғ өң ө. | 2 variant violation <1.0 AB / MVB <1.0 Inadequate ventilation of the lungs normally supplied by the blood of sites leads to a decrease in ventilation-perfusion index: it is observed at the local hypoventilation |
| 30 ... | Ө ө қ қ қ 30 .. ғ ғ | Pulmonary hypertension - systolic blood pressure in the pulmonary blood circulation above 30 mm Hg. |
| Өң қ қ ә қ қ қң ғ | Precapillary pulmonary hypertension is characterized by increased pressure in the capillaries and precapillaries | |
| Өң қ | Postcapillary pulmonary |
| - | - | hypertension develops in |
| ү қ қ | violation of the outflow of blood | |
| ғ ң | from the venules and veins in the | |
| . | ұ | left atrium. |
| Өң қ | Mixed pulmonary hypertension is | |
| - | ө | the result of progression and |
| ң | complications form precapillary | |
| қ үң | pulmonary hypertension and | |
| ү ә | postcapillary form | |
| қ | vice versa. | |
| қ ү | ||
| . | ғ қ | |
| ә . | ||
| - | - | Euler Liliestrtandsreflex - |
| constriction of lung capillaries | ||
| ң ү қ | when there is reduction in partial | |
| 蠠 | ө堠 ө | pressure of oxygen in alveolar air |
| ࠠ | (hypoxic vasoconstriction) | |
| . | ( ). | |
| Ө | Kitaevsreflex - is narrowing of | |
| ң қ | pulmonary arterioles at increased | |
| , | ө, ө | pressure in pulmonary veins |
| . | . | |
| ү ө өң | Pulmonary heart disease - | |
| құ ә () | increase the right ventricle of the | |
| қ ұ | heart for diseases that violate the | |
| , | 㳠 үң ң | structure and (or) lung function |
| () | қң ұғ | (except in the case of the primary |
| ( | ( үң 렠 қ | lesion of the left heart, |
| өң | congenital heart disease). | |
| қ қ | ||
| , | ғ, | |
| ). | ү қ ) | |
| қ | Biologically active substances. | |
| . | . | They are produced under the |
| ө | influence of hypoxia in the | |
| ә ө | tissues of the lungs and | |
| қ | contribute to the development of | |
| ң | pulmonary hypertension. | |
| . | қ . ғ | Serotonin, for example, promotes |
| , , | the disturbance of | |
| ң | microcirculation | |
| . | ұ қ | |
| . | Қң ұқғң | Increased blood viscosity. It is |
| ғ. қ | due to symptomatic | |
| erythrocytosis | ||
