6.2. қ: қ ғ ң ә ң ң ү қ.
6.3. қң :
-ң құ ә қ;
- қ ғ ң ә ә
ң ң ү қ.
6.4. қң ұқ:
*6.4.1. . құ.
Chromosomes and their structure.
, .
6.4.2. ң . ң .
6.4.3. ң .
6.4.4. қ,қ-қ ң
* ғ ә ү
6.5. қ ә: ң қң ә, қ ә ; ү ққ, қ, ү ә ү ұқ, , ү ө; қ ұ; ғ ө ә ү, ғ ғ ұ; қ ө.
6.6. Ә:
:
6.6.1. .. ә қ ң қ . .,2006, . 65-77.
6.6.2. . . .. . ., 2001, . 1, . 117-149.
6.6.3. . . .. ., 2006, . 68-77.
6.6.4. Қ .Қ., .., ұ Қ.. қ . ., 2002, . 44-55.
6.6.5. Ққ .Ө., .., қ .., 2008, .100- 110.
6.6.6. Ққ .Ө., Ә .. қ ә . ., 2006,.17-24.
6.6.7.қ ә .қ құ . Ққ .Ө...,2004,.20-29.
6.6.8. .., .. . ., 2003, .5-65.
Қ:
6.6.9. .. ., 2006, . 237-351.
6.6.10. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ қ ң -
ққ ө ., 2012, . 3-111
6.6.11. : /... .. .-.: -, 2012 .33-69.
қ
6.7.1. () құ ғ:
6.7.1.1. қң ұқ ұ.
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6.7.1.2. қ 10 ұқ 3 ұқ.
6.7.1.3. қ ә ғ ә
6.7.2. ә ғ құ ғ:
6.7.2.1. ң ә .
)
| ң | Ƴң |
)
6.7.2.2. ң:
- 46, 1p2.2,
- 46, XY 3p12, p23,
- 46, XX 9p13, q23,
- 46, 8p11.
6.7.2.4. ң ұ . ұ қ ә қ құ (. Ққ .Ө. . ., 2004, .28).
6.7.3. қ ұқ:
6.7.3.1.ң .
6.7.3.2.ң ң .
6.7.3.3. ң ң .
6.7.3.4. қ өң ғ ң.
Ү ү ө:
| Ққ | ғ | |
| ә () қ, қ қ құ | - , (), | Chromosomes intracellular structures localizel in nucleus and cytoplasm (mitochondrias), carriers of genetic information |
| үң ң қ ғң қ ә қ | Karyotype quantitative and morphological characteristic of diploid set of chromosomes of certain species | |
| , ө қ ұ ұғ қ; | , | Telomeres end parts of chromosomas without genes, consisting numerous from nucleotide sequences |
| қ қ қ қ қ: ғ Қ ң ә қ ү қ : , ә ғ қ. қң ү : H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. | , : , , . H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. | Histone proteins a big class of nuclear proteins having two main functions: they participate in packaging of DNA chains in the nucleus and epigenetic regulation of nuclear processes, such as transcription, replication and repair. Five types of histones exist H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. |
| қ-ғ қ ққ қ . | . | Non-histone proteins one of many big groups of acidic nuclear proteins of eukaryotes |
| ң қ | - | Metacentric chromosome with equal arms |
| -ң қ | - | Submetacentric- chromosome with unequal arms |
| - ғ ө ққ | - | Acrocentric with very short arms |
| - қ | - | Telocentric single-arm chromosome |
| -ұ өң қ | - | Ideogram chromosomesarranged in pairs according to decreasing size |
| ң -1960 . ң ғ қ. ұ ң қ : ө, , ң қ . ң 23 ұ - G ғ 7 қ ө. | -1960 , . : , , . 23 7 A G. | Denver classification of chromosomes in 1960, the first classification of human chromosomes was accepted, which helped analyzed human karyotypes. It was based on morphological characteristics: size, shape, centromere position. 23 pairs of chromosomes were divided into 7 groups A to G. |
| - ң ң 1971 ө ң ә ү ұ. | - 1971 . | Paris classification in 1971, based on differential screening maps of human chromosomes linear differentiation were developed in Paris, and a system of their labeling were introduced. |
Құ: қ. ..
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9 - ә қ
