| Ққ | ғ | |
| ә () қ, қ қ құ; | , (), ; | Chromosomes- intracellular structures localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm (mitochondria), carriers of genetic information; |
| Қ ә қ ң | , | hromatin material of chromosomes, consisting mainly from DNA and proteins |
| қ қ қ қ қ: ғ Қ ң ә қ ү қ : , ә ғ қ. қң ү : H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. | , : , , . H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. | Histone proteins a big class of nuclear proteins having two main functions: they participate in packaging of DNA chains in the nucleus and epigenetic regulation of nuclear processes, such as transcription, replication and repair. Five types of histones exist H1/5, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. |
| қ- қ ққ қ . | . | Non-histone proteins one of many big groups of acidic nuclear proteins of eukaryotes |
| құ 4 ұ қ: 2, 2, 3, 4 ә Қ , ө 1 қ ғ, ү, қ ң ғ (); | , , , 4 : 2, 2, 3, 4, 1 | Nucleosome compacted level of genetic material represented by globules and DNA, globules include 4 pairs of histonetonic proteins: H2A, H2B, H3, H4 connected by histone H1 |
| - ғ, Қ ө. | - , . | Linker region of DNA between nucleosomes. |
| қ ү , ұ, қ; | , , | Euchromatin lightcolor part of chromosome, containing genes; |
| -үң ү , қ, ө қ қ ұ, ң ұ ә ң қ, қ; | , , , , | Heterochromatin dark color part of chromosome, consites from repetitive sequences, localized in centromere and end parts ofchromosome |
| -ң ә ң қ. | - . | Constitutiveheterochromatin localized in pericentromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. |
| -ң - ң ғ, ң ң ү ғ. | - - , , . | Facultative heterochromatin one of two X chromosomes of human, tightly packed and located near nuclear membrane as Barr bodies seen at the interphase stage. |
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