.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


. - ,




, , . , , . - , . . : . , . - , , - , .

- , , . - , . - , . - , , [303]. , " " , . , .

, . - , , ? , , , , . , . , , , -, , , -, , '05. - . , , . , .

. , ", ".


( 1971 )

, , ( ) , , .

. , , -, . , , , , . , , ( ) . , , . , , .

" "[304] ? . . , , , ; . " ". , , , , . " ", .

" " , , , , [305]; - . , , [306]. ( ) , , .

, , , . . , , , , . " "[307], . " , ."[308]

, , , , "". , , , . , (, ) , (, ) . , , , , , , , , , , . [309] , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , . , ( , "" ) , , , , .

, , , , , , , , . , , , " " [310]. , , , . , , , , , , , , . .

, , , . , , . , , , , , , . , , ; , , . , ( ) . , , , , . , [311] , , , (, , ). , .

, , , . , , , . , , , , , , , , .

, , , , . , "" "", , , , .. "" " " " ". ( ) ( ), (). " "9, .

, . , 10, , - . , , . , , , , , .

, , , , . , , . , , , , , . , . . , , U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Toward A Social Report (Washington. D.C.; Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 1969). 10 '"Economics, Sociology, and the Best of All Possible Worlds", Public Interest (Summer 1968), pp. 96-118, "The Relationship of Economics to the Other Social Sciences" Seymour Martin Lipset, ed., Politics and the Social Sciences (New York: Oxford University Press, 1969) pp. 137-162.

, . , [312].

, . ", "[313] " "[314] " ". , , , , .

, , , . ~ , , , , .

"". ?. , ', . , , , , . [315], [316] , [317], [318]. [319], , , . , , , , , " ".

, , . , - , " ". , . , . , , . "" , . , . , , . . , , . , , , , , . - , , -.

, , ( ), , , , , . , , , , , ( 26-27 ) , . , - , . - , , . , , , , , .

, , ( " "), ; , [320] - . , - , , , . , , ( " ") . - , , , , , , . . , , . , 6, , , . , , . , , , .

, , , , , , , . , , .


16 Alexander Heard, The Costs of Democracy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, I960), 1, pp. 95-96. , ii 1947 $4,6 , .

17 "f- ,... ." U.S. Congress, House, Select Committee on Lobbying Activities, Report, 81st Cong., 2nd Sess. (1950). no Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 81st. Cong., 2nd Sess., VI, 764-765.

. . , , , . , ; , , OI , .

, , l i, , , - Fi. , Fi , , "" , "" , "". , , ; , , .

, , - . , , " " .

60 " ", , , , . " ". . ', , , , , . [, , , , , , . , . , , , , , . . William . Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1962).

13 , , ■ . , * . . 17 -

1 Henri (Heinrich Friedrich von) Storcli, ours tTeamomie politique (Si. Petersburg: A.l'lucliart, 1815), I. 3-7. bay ; William JHaumol, Welfare tAononics amI the Theory of the State (Cambridge, Mass.. Harvard University Press, 1952), chap, xii, pp. 140-157. U 12 ) . lit , , . , .

1) ;

2) ;

18 . , . ; ., 2- ., . 4, . 426.

19 . , (. , . . 2- ., . 21, . 176), Bober, Karl Marx's Interpretation, p.72. : " , , . ."(.74-75)

20 Friedrich Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific, trans. Edward Aveling (New Yorit: 1892), pp. xxv, xxxi, xxxvi.

21 . . . , . , .., 2- ., . 23, . 10. . Bober, chaps, vi and vii, pp. 115-156.

?91' , , , . . , , , . 432- 433 . . " " . , . "1 { ".

. . , - , (-) |. , . ., 2- ., . 20, . 14-105| in ; , , "" , , . . . liric Holier, Hie True Believer. (New York: New American Library, 1958), ami William Kornliauser, I he I'olil of Muss Society' (♦ ilcncoc, 1H.: l-'ree Press, 1959), pp. 14-15 . lirie I roinni. Fscape front Freedom (New York: Moll, Kineliarl & Winston, 1960)| . M., . 1989|, and David Kiesman, The Lamely Crowd (New York: Douhlcday Anchor, 1956).

, ", , , , ■ . , . "" , , , .

I , oiiij ; | , , - ; . iiia'iiricjii.iiii , , hi ! . " ": . Hober, . 44. ipeinw . Joseph Schumpeler, < 'aptlalism, Socialism, ami Democracy, 4lli id. (London: (ieoige Alien A lliiwin, IV.S4), p. 1(). |. , . .,'). 1995. 39 40|

30 " . , : , . , , , , . . "" , . Melvin l.urie, "Professors, Physician, and Unionism," AAUP liutlelin, XI.VI1I (September 1962), 274.

74 McConnell, . 185.

7 5 Charles M.Hardin,. 153.

the State Farm Insurance Companies (New York: Random House, 1955).

88 "Memderships Paic" (. 76 ). , , , , . , ( .

7 . Mildred . Stollx, This is Yours - The Montana Farmers Union ami Its Cooperative Associates (Minneapolis: Lund Press, n.d.); Harold V. Knight, Grass Roots - The Story of the North 'Dakota Farmers Union (Jamestown, N.D.: North Dakota Farmers Union, 1947); Ross B. Talbot, "Agrarian Politics in the Northern Plains," , University of Chicago.

90 , . , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , , . . . : . , , , , , , . , .

100 Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), p. 273.

1 0 2 "" "" , , . , , . , 1.J , , , "" , . , , ( , ). , . , , , - . , . . , , . , .

. , " ... ." Bernard R. Berelson, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, fnd William N. McPhee, Voting (Chicago: University of Chicagj Press, 1954), p. 302.

, , -. , , . , , . James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (London: Navarre Society Limited, 1924), II, 393-394.

105 , , , , William J. Baumol. Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1952), pp. 95-99. . Abba P. L-erner, "On Generalizing the General Theory," American Economic Review, L (March 1960), 121-144, p. 133.


[1] , . ., , Jacob Marschak, "Elements for a Theory of Teams", Management Science, 1 (January 1955), 127-137, "Towards an Economic Theory of Organization and Information", Decision Processes, ed. R.M. Thrall, C.H. Combs, and R.L. Davis (New York: John Wiley, 1954), pp. 187-220, "Efficient and Viable Organization Forms" Modern Organization Theory, ed. Mason Haire;(New York: John Wiley, 1959), pp. 307-320; R. Radner, "Application of Linear Programming to Team Decision Problems", Management Science, V (January 1959),143-150; "Team)>ecision Problems", Annals of Mathematical Statistics, XXXIII (September 1962), 857- 881; C.B. McGnire, "Some Team Models of a Sales Organization", Management Science, VII (January 1961), 101-130; Oskar Morgenstern, Prolegomena to a Theory of Organization (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Research Memorandum 734, 1951); James G. March and Herbert A. Simon, Organizations (New York: John Wiley, 1958); Kenneth Boulding, The Organizational Revolution (New York: Harper, 1953).

[2] , , , , . . Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. Talcott Parsons and A.M. Henderson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1947), p. 318.

[3] . . . 4, . 233.

[4] Leon Festinger, "Group Attraction and Membership", Group Dynamics, ed. Dorwin Cartwrighl and Alvin Zander (Evanston, III.: Row, Peterson, 1953), p. 93.

[5] A Grammar of Politics, 4th. ed. (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1939), p. 67.

[6] , , "" , . , , . " ", - . " " " ", , .., . (. Weber, pp. 136-139; Grace Coyle, Social Process in Organized Groups, N.Y.: Richard Smith, Inc., 1930, pp. 7-9). ( ) , , , . . 17 . 56, . 149-151.

[7] , . , , . . , , , .

[8] . R.M. Maclver, "Interests", Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, VII (New York: Macmillan, 1932), p. 147.

12 . J.M. Clark, The Economics of Overhead Costs (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1923), p. 417, Frank H. Knight, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921), p. 193.

[10] Edward H. Chamberlin, Monopolistic Competition, 6th ed. (Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1950), p.4. ( . X. . . 1959. .23]

[11] . Mancur Olson, Jr., and David McFarland, "The Restoration of Pure Monopoly and the Concept of the Industry", Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXVI (November 1962), 613-631.

[12] , " " " - ". . Political Parlies, trans. Hden and C edar Paul (New York: Dover Publications, 1959), pp. 21-22. . Robert A. Brady, llusineis as a System of Power (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943), p. 193.

[13] , . . 68 .

[14] R.M. Maclvcr Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Vll. 147.

[15] , in , . . D " ".

[16] Alexis dc Tocqueville, Democracy in America (New York: New American Library, 1956), p. |98;( . ., 1992. . 135-136). James Uryce, The American Commonwealth, 4lh ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1910), ppr. 281- 282; Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Heard. The Rise of American Civilization, rev. ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1949), pp. 761-762; 11 Daniel Bell, The End of Ideology (Glencoe, 1U.: Free Press, 1960), esp. p. 30.

[17] Charles H. C'ooley, Social Organization (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909), p. 23; (ieorge C. 1 loinans. The Human Group (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950), p. 1; Verba, pp. 11- 16.

[18] Talcoil Parsons and Robert P. Bales. Family (Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1955). p. 9; . Talcolt Parsons. Robert F. Bales, and Edward A. Shils, Working Tapers in the Theory of Action ((ilencoc, III.: Free Press, 1953).

[19] Mailver Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, VII, 144-148, p. 147. . ITunian. p. 25.

[20] Truman, pp. 35-36; . Flint Chappie and Carlton Coon, Principles of Anthropology (New York: Henry I loll. 1942), pp. 443-462.

[21] ,, , . jto - .

[22] August in Cournot, Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth, trans. Nathaniel T. Bacon (New Yoric: Macmillan, 1897). VII, . 79-90.

[23] , . ,

" " , ( jjibcoii. , . , , . , , , , .

[25] "" . , , , , . , . : . Willaril D. Arant, "The Competition of the Few Among the Many", Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXX (August 1956). 327-345.

[26] " " , , , . , , . . . "The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy", Quarterly Journal of Economics, L1II (February 1939), 213-237; Leif Johansen, "Some Notes on the Lindahl Theory of Determination of Public Expenditures", International Economic Review, IV (September 1963), p. 346-358; John G. Head, "Undahl's Theory of the Budget", Finanzarchiv, XXIII (October 1964), 421- 454.

so , . . "" ', , .., - , .. , , , , , , . , . - , . "" , . . Earl . Heady and . W. Kehrberg, Effect of Share and Cash Renting on Farming Efficiency (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 386), Earl O. Heady, Economics of Agricultural Production and Resource Use (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1952) pp. 592, 620.

[28] " " " ", . , - , , . , - , , , "The Structure of Government and Public Investment" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, LIV (May 1964), 236-477. . ( ) (. 250-254), " " " ". , (Finanzarchiv, XXIII, 453-454) (International Economic Review, IV, 353) , . , , American Economic Review. - "Fiscal Institutions and Efficiency in Collective Outlay" (pp. 227-235), James M. Bchanan, "Divergencies between Individual and Total Costs within Government" (pp. 243-249) by Roland N. McKean.

[29] Fi - , : Fi(dVg/dT) + Vg(dFi/dT) = dC/dT

[30] , , , , - . . " " :" , , , , . , , , , . , - , : , , , . . , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , - ; , , , ."[ . . ., 1964. .696-697]

[31] , ; . . , , . , , , , "" .

[32] " " . , 'Public Goods and Public Policy" (Public Finance, XVII, 197-219) - " *. , , , . ,

. , , , . - , . , , . ^ , , , , , , , . , . , 50- IJMW ( -) . , . , , .

[34] " ", , , . ,

[35] , - . "" , - . . , , - . , - , , -, , , . , , . , , , . , : , . , . : , , , .

[36] , Fi C/Vg , .

[37] : , , , , , - , . , , . , , , , . ,

[38] , , .

[39] , , , . , [> , . , , , , , , . - , . , .

[40] " , , : , - , , , . , , - . , , ". (Simmel, Sociology of Georg Simmel, pp. 116-117).

[41] John James, "A Preliminary Study of the Size Determinant in Small Group Interaction," American Sociological Review, XVI (August 1951), 474-477.

[42] Bertram M. Gross, The Legislative Struggle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953), pp. 265-337; . Ernest S. Griffith, Congress (New York: New York University Press, 1951).

[43] , , 5- , . Northcote Parkinson, Parkinson's Law (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), pp. 33-34. [ H. . M., , 1989. . 25-26]

[44] A. Paul Hare, "A Study of Interaction and Consensus in Different Sized Groups," American Sociological Review, XVII (June 1952), 261-268.

[45] , , , , , . " ." (. 88).

, " ", , . , .

[47] . Adolph A.Berle, Jr., Gardiner C.Means, The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Macmillan, 1932); J.A.Livingston, The American Stockholder, rev. ed. (New York: Collier Books, 1963); P.Sargent Florence, Ownership, Control and Success of Large Companies (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1961); William Mennell, Takeover (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1962).

[48] George C.Homans, The Human Group (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950)

[49] ., pp. 454-456. . Neil W.Chamberlain, General Theory of Economic Process (New

York: Harper, 1955). pp. 347-348, Sherman Krupp, Pattern in Organizaton Analysis (Philadelphia: Chilton, 1961), pp. 118-139 171-176.

Homans, . 468

1 1





:


: 2015-05-08; !; : 1127 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

2030 - | 1673 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.111 .