1) can :
He can fly a helicopter.
2) cannot/ can't - :
She can't count to ten.
3) could :
I could ski very well when I was young.
4) could not/ couldnt - :
They couldnt spell their names at the age of two.
5) Can/ Could/ May/ Might I? = Do you/ Would you mind if ? , - :
a) (informal): Can I go swimming?
No, you can't.
b) (more formal): Could/ May/ Might I have a look at this report?
Certainly/ Of course/ Why not/ No, I'm afraid you can't/ Yes, you can/ Yes, you may.
6) can/ may - (may more formal);
can't/ mustnt/ may not - (may not ):
You can't see Kim tonight, but you can see her tomorrow if you like.
| You may not leave your luggage here |
7) Can/ Could/ Shall I ? = Would you like me to ? , - :
Can/ Could/ Shall I get you anything from the supermarket?
That would be great.
8) We can/ could/ Shall/ Can/ Could we? = Let's/ How about? What about? Why dont we? , :
What shall we do tonight? We can/ could go to the cinema.
Shall/ Can/ Could we go to the market today? I'd (would) rather not.
9) Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you? , - - (would/ could more polite, can/ will):
Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you help me with my French homework, please?
Certainly/ Of course/ I'm sorry, but I can't/ Yes, I'd (would) be happy/ glad to.
10) Can .
Could can.
Be able to :
I will be able to get a job when I finish school.
| present simple: can, am/ is/ are able to past simple: could, was/ were able to future simple: will be able to |
11) may/ might/ could :
Where's Aunt Julia? She may/ might/ could still be at work (/ , ).
12) May/ Might/ Can/ Could I ? (Might I ? more formal, May I ? ):
May/ Can/ Could I have a pen and some paper, please? Here you are.
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SHOULD
1) :
You should be more careful ( / ).
2) must should:
You should talk to your lawyer ( , ).
You must talk to your lawyer ( ).
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1. , shall will:
1) Shall I help you with the washing-up?
2) we have pizza for dinner tonight?
3) you carry this for me, please?
4) we try this new recipe tonight?
5) What we buy for Bob's birthday?
6) you answer the phone, please?
7) Where we sit in the classroom?
8) you take the rubbish out for me, please?
9) you babysit for me tonight?
10) we have a barbecue next weekend?
2. :
1) You may/ mustnt run in the corridors. It's dangerous.
2) Can/ should I ask you a question?
3) Will/ shall we go out for lunch today?
4) You must/ shouldnt stay at home if you are ill.
5) Tommy can't/ couldnt tell the time when he was a baby.
6) A: Can/ Might I have a biscuit please, Mum?
B: Of course. Help yourself.
7) You might/ neednt clean the windows. I've already done them.
8) Will/ shall I help you?
9) You neednt/ mustnt do the shopping. I'll do it later.
10) A: Might I use your pen?
B: Of course you may/ might.
3. :
1) Will you open the door for me, please?
A Yes, I may B Certainly
2) Could I speak to you for a moment, please?
A Yes, of course B No, you couldnt
3) Shall I carry the bag for you?
A No, I won't B No, it's okay. I can manage.
4) Could I go to the cinema tonight, please?
A Not at all B Yes, if you like.
5) We could go to the theatre tonight.
A Thats a nice idea B No, we might not.
6) Can I borrow your pen, please?
A Not at all B Of course
7) Can you pick the children up from school for me?
A No, I may not B No problem
8) Would you please drive me to the airport tomorrow? My car is being serviced.
A I'd be happy to B Yes, I would
9) Can I help you, sir?
A No, you can't B No, thank you. I'm just looking.
10) Could you hold this for me, please?
A Yes, I could B Of course
11) Shall I take you to work tomorrow?
A Yes, please B No, you won't
4. :
: Good morning. How can/ must I help you, sir?
B: I'd like to book a room for tonight, please?
A: Certainly sir.
B: How much does a single room cost for one night?
A: 35£, sir. Payable in advance.
B: What! Do I have to/ Could I pay right now?
A: Yes, I am afraid you need/ must pay in advance.
B: Really. Well! Do I have to/ Shall I pay in cash?
A: No, you mustnt/ neednt pay in cash. You could/ can't pay by credit if you prefer.
B: This is a bit unusual. I may/ must look in my wallet to see if I have enough cash with me.
A: You couldnt/ dont have to hurry, sir. Take your time.
..
A: Good morning. Here's the key. Could/ Must I leave my luggage here until twelve o'clock, please?
B: Of course. May/ Need I ask if you enjoyed your stay?
A: Oh yes. I can/ must write down the phone number, so that I can stay here again.
B: You mustnt/ dont need to do that, sir. I have to/ can give you our card.
A: Oh, thank you very much. Goodbye.
B: Goodbye.
5. , :
1) A: May/ Can/ Could I borrow your pen, please?
The speaker is asking for permission.
B: No, you . I'm using it.
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2) A: I'm bored. What shall we do?
B: We go for a walk.
A: No, we because it's raining.
B: Let's watch a video, then.
3) A: My parents told me I go to the party tonight.
B: Never mind, I go either. We stay at home together, though.
4) A: Sir, I speak to you for a moment, please?
B: Certainly, but later today; I'm busy now.
5) A: Excuse me?
B: Yes?
A: you tell me where the post office is, please?
B: Certainly. It's on the main road, next to the school.
6) A: Is anyone sitting on that chair?
B: No, you take it if you want to.
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COULD WAS ABLE TO
1) was/ were able : / - - ( ):
She was able to climb to the top of the mountain.
2) could :
He could run very fast when he was young.
3) c see, hear, feel, smell, taste, understand, remember, guess could, was/were able:
They could see the storm coming.
4) couldnt ( ):
My little sister couldnt wash herself when she was two ( ).
Mark tried, but he couldnt find out what was wrong with the computer ( ).
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:
1) Todd was a very talented child.
I know. He play the piano well when he was seven.
A couldnt B could C can
2) I've just taken a loaf out of the oven.
Oh thats why I smell fresh bread when I came home.
A was able to B can't C could
3) How was the test?
Easy. All the children pass it.
A were able B could C can't
4) The sweaters were cheap so I to buy two.
A could B was able to C can
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‟Continuous
(Present Continuous Tense)
:
1) to be (am, is, are) ing;
2) not, ;
| I am working | I'm working | I am not working | I'm not working | Am I working? |
| You are working | You're working | You are not working | You aren't working | Are you working? |
| He is working | He's working | He is not working | He isn't working | Is he working? |
| She is working | She's working | She is not working | She isn't working | Is she working? |
| It is working | It's working | It is not working | It isn't working | Is it working? |
| We are working | We're working | We are not working | We aren't working | Are we working? |
| You are working | You're working | You are not working | You aren't working | Are you working? |
| They are working | They're working | They are not working | They aren't working | Are they working? |
3) to be :
:
1) , , :
He is reading a book right now.
2) , , , :
She is practicing for a concert these days (But she is not practicing right now; she's resting).
3) :
He is flying to Milan in an hour ().
:
now, at the moment, at present, these days.
:
| Are you? | Yes, I am/ we are. | No, I am not/ we aren't. |
| Is he/ she/ it? | Yes, he/ she/ it is. | No, he/ she/ it isnt. |
| Are they? | Yes, they are. | No, they arent. |
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Are you reading? Yes, I am / No, I am not.
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1. , Present Continuous:
1) He is sitting (sit) at the desk.
2) They (play) football.
3) She (eat) dinner.
4) You (read) a book.
5) The dog . (sleep).
6) Ann (swim).
7) I (watch) TV.
8) Tony (write) a letter.
9) The birds . (sing).
10) Mum (make) a cake.
2. , :
1) He is riding a bicycle.
Is he riding a bicycle?...
He isnt riding a bicycle
2) They are listening to the radio.
3) She is drinking Coke.
4) You are dancing.
5) We are playing basketball.
6) I am running.
7) They are playing in the garden.
8) He is running to catch the bus.
9) She is taking her dog for a walk.
10) We are making a pie.
3. , . , , :
1) the parents / wear / sports clothes? (No/ smart clothes).
