1) to be, to have, can, may, must
not [nOt] , . not n't . :
| to be | |
| I am not () | |
| he (she, it) is not | he (she, it) isn't ['Iznt] |
| we (you, they) are not | we (you, they) aren't [Rnt] |
| to have | |
| I have not | I haven't ['hxvnt] |
| he (she, it) has not | he (she, it) hasn't ['hxznt] |
| we (you, they) have not | we (you, they) haven't |
| can | |
| I cannot ['kxnOt] | I can't [kRnt] |
| he (she, it) cannot | he (she, it) can't |
| we (you, they) cannot | we (you, they) can't |
| may , | |
| I may not ( ) | |
| he (she, it) may not | |
| we (you, they) may not | |
| must | |
| I must not | I mustn't ['mAsnt] |
| he (she, it) must not | he (she, it) mustn't |
| we (you, they) must not | we (you, they) mustn't |
, . , can , .
:
I am not a docker. He is not my friend. We have not many books. They have not much time. You must not go. We cannot do it. You can't see the bridge from this place. May I take these flowers? No, you may not.
2)
do not. :
| I | see | ||
| I do not | see | ||
| he | works | ||
| he does not | work |
, do not .
, 3- , . Do not does not don't [dqunt], doesn't ['dAznt]. , . . :
| I do not know = I don't know | |
| he does not like it = he doesn't like it |
:
does not live in Moscow. I do not work in this city. We do not see the clock. They don't know our friends. These trees do not grow in this country. The animal doesn't eat vegetables.
do not don't, . :
Take this book! Don't take this book! Write this word! Don't write this word! Go to your room! Don't go to your room!
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:
Do not listen to her! Don't eat this apple! Don't translate this text! Don't give him this map! Don't open the box! Don't ask me! Don't tell him!
, . :
| Do you live in Moscow? | Yes, I live in Moscow. |
| No, I do not live in Moscow. | |
| (No, I don't live in Moscow.) |
- . yes no , () , .
:
| Is he a good worker? | ? |
| Yes, he 'is. No, he is not. (No, he isn't.) | |
| Are they in Moscow? | ? |
| Yes, they are. No, they are not. (No, they aren't.) | |
| Have you a blue pencil? | ? |
| Yes, I have. No, I have not. (No, I haven't.) | |
| Do you work here? | ? |
| Yes, I do. No, I do not. (No, I don't.) | |
| Does he live in London? | ? |
| Yes, he does. No, he does not. (No, he doesn't.) |
isn't, aren't, doesn't, haven't, hasn't .
1)
- . :
| . | . |
- . , . :
I do not know him. .
does not live here. .
, :
Nobody knows him. .
I never go there. .
No man can do it. .
never ['nevq] ,nobody ['nqubqdI] ,nothing ['nATIN] no [nqu] . .
2) to have there is
to have there is :
Have you a white dress? No, I haven't.
Is there a lamp on the table? No, there isn't.
to have there is no . , .
There are no books on the table. () .
I have no children. .
, no, . :
The building has a tower. .
The building has no tower. .
:
There are no parks in this part of the city. There is no library near our house. We have no foreign books. He listens to nobody. Nobody likes this animal. The boy has no black pencil. I never dance. She has no yellow dress.
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, . , R, r :
There‿is an‿underground railway in‿our city now.
There‿is a‿bridge over‿this river.
:
