. i ( ) ei, ai, kei, wai.
.
- , : a man, a book, a ship.
- : water, sand, ink : love, courage . .
"s" , s, ss, , sh, ch, tch, - "es".
, "" , "es", "" "i": sity - sities, army - armies.
"" , "s": day - days, buoy -buoys, key - keys.
, "f" "fe", "f" "v" "es":
wolf - wolves - s: wife - wives, knife -knives, Iife - I ives.
:
man - men, gentleman - gentlemen, woman - women, child - children, foot - feet, tooth - teeth, mouse - mice, ox - oxen, goose - geese.
: damage - , damages - ; quarter - , quarters - .
, : people, cattle, public, advice, knowledge, information, progres, money. hair.
, : scales, trousers, potatoes, onions, countents, goods (), spectacles.
:, sheep, deer, fish, means.
The Article
the "", " ", "" , , , , (The USA), , , , , , ..: the Black Sea, the Volga, the m/v "Pobeda".
"" "an" "", "", "", "-", , , , . .: is a seaman. - --, , - one, a minute, a number.
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se
: - the common case -the possessive case.
. , of , by with -, to - .
- "s" ('s) (our teacher's lecture - ) (') (the students' books).
, . "", - "est". : big - bigger - biggest.
"", . "i": dry - drier - the driest.
, , "more", "the most". :
difficult - more difficult - the most difficult, beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful.
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |||
good | better | the best | |||
bad | worse | the worst | |||
small, little | smalIe less | the smallest the least | |||
much, many | more | the most | |||
big | bigger | the bigest | |||
far | farther | the farthest | |||
far | further | the furthest | |||
easy | easier | the easiest | |||
late | later (latter) | the latest (the last) | |||
near | nearer | the nearest (next) | |||
out | outer (outter.) | the outermost | |||
in | inner | the inmost |
23.5. The Numera | ||
1 one | the first | |
2 two | the second | 1/2 - a half, (a) one half |
3 three | the third | 1/3 - (a) one-third |
4 four | the fourth | 1/4 - (a) one quarter (fourth) |
5 five | the fifth | 1/5 - (a) one-fifth (a fifth) |
6- six | the sixth | 1/6 - (a) one-sixth |
7- seven | the seventh | 2/3 - two-thirds |
8 eight | the eighth | 3/4 - three quarters (fourths) |
9- nine | the ninth | 2/5 - two-fifths |
10 ten | the tenth | 5/7 - five-sevenths |
11 eleven | the eleventh | 5/16 - five-sixteenths |
12 twelve | the twelfth | 1/100 - a (one) hundredth |
13 thirteen | the thi rteenth | 1/1000 - a (one) thousandth |
14 fourteen | the fourteenth | 1 1/2 - one and a half |
15 fifteen | the fifteenth | 4 2/5 - four and two-fifths |
16 sixteen | the sixteenth | |
17 seventeen | the seventeenth | |
18 eighteen | the eighteenth | 0.1 - zero point (nought) one or point one or one tenth |
19 nineteen | the nineteenth | |
20 twenty | the twentieth | 0,2 - zero point (nought) two or point two or two tenths |
21 - twenty-one | the twenty-first | |
22 - twenty-two | the twenty-second | 0.01 - zero point (nought) zero one or one hundred |
23 - twenty-three | the twenty-third | 2.35 - two point three five |
24 - twenty-four | the twenty-fourth | |
25 - twenty-five | the twenty-fi fth | |
30 thirty | the thirtieth | |
40 forty | the fortieth | |
50 fifty | the fiftieth | |
60 sixty | the sixtieth | 1% - one per cent |
70 seventy | the seventieth | 2% - two per cent |
80 eighty | the eightieth | 3.5% - three and a half per cent |
90 - ninety 100 - one hundred | the ninetieth the hundredth | |
200 - two hundred | the two hundredth | |
300 - three hundred | the three hundredth | |
305 - three hundred and five | the three hundred and fifth | |
325 - three hundred and twenty-five | the three hundred and twenty-fifth | |
1000 - one thousand | the thousandth | |
2000 - two thousand | the two thousandth | |
2227 - two thousand two hundred and twenty-seven | the two thousand two hundred and twenty-seventh | |
1, 000, 000 - (a) one mi I-l ion | ||
1. 000, 000, 000 - (a) one milliard ( ) () one bi11 ion ( ) |
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-(): twenty-one, forty-seven.
and. , , and.
Hundred, thousand, million (billion), dozen, per cent - "s" , two, three, four...
: 5, 723; 3, 718, 125.
: the 801st - the eight hundred and first. "" -ty -ie: the 20th -the twentieth.
, - : 1/3 - one-third. , "s": 2/3 - two-thirds. , , , "of": 2/3 mile - two-thirds of a mile. , , : 12 2/3 miles - twelve and two-thirds miles.
( , ) "point". "zero" "nought" .
: 3.025 -three point zero (nought) two five.
, :
0.25 - point two five.
the 12th "ve" "f": 12 twelve
- the twelfth. 40
- forty, the fortieth four - "". the 9th - the ninth "" , "i" - ai,
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, , , "" : 1905 - nineteen hundred and five nineteen (ou) five. - forties. , :
July 10. 1993 July 10th, 1993 July the tenth, nineteen ninety-three; 10th July, 1993 the tenth of July, nineteen ninety-three.
: , , , , . . : 325 - Course three five two. 27- - Please change to channel two seven. 24-05 - (le) phone two four ou five, "" (ou).
, , , , , . . , , ; - Room (number) ten; - Page twenty.
- : - , - . - , - . it.
- | - | ||||||||
I | me | , | mine | myself | , | ||||
you | , | you | . | your | yours | yourself | , | ||
he | him | . | his | his | himse1f | , | |||
she | her | , | her | hers | herself | , | |||
it | (. ) | it | , , , | its | , | its | , | itself | , , () |
we | us | , | our | ours | ourselves | , | |||
you | you | , | your | yours | yourselves | , | |||
they | them | , | their | theirs | themselves | , |
- ( ) .
- ( ) : My cap is old, yours is new. - . .
This , ,
These
That , ,
Those
Both
Either
Such ,
Neither ,
Each ,
Each other
Other ()
Another ()
Other - (), .
Another - (), .
:
? who?
? what?
? what?
? which?
? whose?
? whom?
? to whom?
? by whom?
some ; , , , -, -.
any - , "-". "". " ".
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none "", "".