.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

. i ( ) ei, ai, kei, wai.

 

 

 

.

 

- , : a man, a book, a ship.

 

- : water, sand, ink : love, courage . .

 

"s" , s, ss, , sh, ch, tch, - "es".

 

, "" , "es", "" "i": sity - sities, army - armies.

 

"" , "s": day - days, buoy -buoys, key - keys.

 

, "f" "fe", "f" "v" "es":

wolf - wolves - s: wife - wives, knife -knives, Iife - I ives.

 

:

man - men, gentleman - gentlemen, woman - women, child - children, foot - feet, tooth - teeth, mouse - mice, ox - oxen, goose - geese.

 

: damage - , damages - ; quarter - , quarters - .

 

, : people, cattle, public, advice, knowledge, information, progres, money. hair.

 

, : scales, trousers, potatoes, onions, countents, goods (), spectacles.

 

:, sheep, deer, fish, means.

The Article

 

the "", " ", "" , , , , (The USA), , , , , , ..: the Black Sea, the Volga, the m/v "Pobeda".

"" "an" "", "", "", "-", , , , . .: is a seaman. - --, , - one, a minute, a number.

 

se

 

: - the common case -the possessive case.

. , of , by with -, to - .

- "s" ('s) (our teacher's lecture - ) (') (the students' books).

 

, . "", - "est". : big - bigger - biggest.

"", . "i": dry - drier - the driest.

, , "more", "the most". :

difficult - more difficult - the most difficult, beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful.

 

 

Positive Comparative Superlative
good better the best
bad worse the worst
small, little smalIe less the smallest the least
much, many more the most
big bigger the bigest
far farther the farthest
far further the furthest
easy easier the easiest
late later (latter) the latest (the last)
near nearer the nearest (next)
  out outer (outter.) the outermost
  in inner the inmost

 

23.5. The Numera
1 one the first
2 two the second 1/2 - a half, (a) one half
3 three the third 1/3 - (a) one-third
4 four the fourth 1/4 - (a) one quarter (fourth)
5 five the fifth 1/5 - (a) one-fifth (a fifth)
6- six the sixth 1/6 - (a) one-sixth
7- seven the seventh 2/3 - two-thirds
8 eight the eighth 3/4 - three quarters (fourths)
9- nine the ninth 2/5 - two-fifths
10 ten the tenth 5/7 - five-sevenths
11 eleven the eleventh 5/16 - five-sixteenths
12 twelve the twelfth 1/100 - a (one) hundredth
13 thirteen the thi rteenth 1/1000 - a (one) thousandth
14 fourteen the fourteenth 1 1/2 - one and a half
15 fifteen the fifteenth 4 2/5 - four and two-fifths
16 sixteen the sixteenth  
17 seventeen the seventeenth
18 eighteen the eighteenth 0.1 - zero point (nought) one or point one or one tenth
19 nineteen the nineteenth  
20 twenty the twentieth 0,2 - zero point (nought) two or point two or two tenths
21 - twenty-one the twenty-first  
22 - twenty-two the twenty-second 0.01 - zero point (nought) zero one or one hundred
23 - twenty-three the twenty-third 2.35 - two point three five
24 - twenty-four the twenty-fourth  
25 - twenty-five the twenty-fi fth  
30 thirty the thirtieth  
40 forty the fortieth  
50 fifty the fiftieth
60 sixty the sixtieth 1% - one per cent
70 seventy the seventieth 2% - two per cent
80 eighty the eightieth 3.5% - three and a half per cent
90 - ninety 100 - one hundred the ninetieth the hundredth  
200 - two hundred the two hundredth  
300 - three hundred the three hundredth  
305 - three hundred and five the three hundred and fifth  
325 - three hundred and twenty-five the three hundred and twenty-fifth  
1000 - one thousand the thousandth  
2000 - two thousand the two thousandth  
2227 - two thousand two hundred and twenty-seven the two thousand two hundred and twenty-seventh  
1, 000, 000 - (a) one mi I-l ion    
1. 000, 000, 000 - (a) one milliard ( ) () one bi11 ion ( )    

 

-(): twenty-one, forty-seven.

and. , , and.

Hundred, thousand, million (billion), dozen, per cent - "s" , two, three, four...

: 5, 723; 3, 718, 125.

: the 801st - the eight hundred and first. "" -ty -ie: the 20th -the twentieth.

, - : 1/3 - one-third. , "s": 2/3 - two-thirds. , , , "of": 2/3 mile - two-thirds of a mile. , , : 12 2/3 miles - twelve and two-thirds miles.

( , ) "point". "zero" "nought" .

: 3.025 -three point zero (nought) two five.

, :

0.25 - point two five.

the 12th "ve" "f": 12 twelve

- the twelfth. 40

- forty, the fortieth four - "". the 9th - the ninth "" , "i" - ai,

, , , "" : 1905 - nineteen hundred and five nineteen (ou) five. - forties. , :

July 10. 1993 July 10th, 1993 July the tenth, nineteen ninety-three; 10th July, 1993 the tenth of July, nineteen ninety-three.

: , , , , . . : 325 - Course three five two. 27- - Please change to channel two seven. 24-05 - (le) phone two four ou five, "" (ou).

, , , , , . . , , ; - Room (number) ten; - Page twenty.

 

- : - , - . - , - . it.

- -
I me , mine myself ,
you , you . your yours yourself ,
he him . his his himse1f ,
she her , her hers herself ,
it (. ) it , , , its , its , itself , , ()
we us , our ours ourselves ,
you you , your yours yourselves ,
they them , their theirs themselves ,

 

- ( ) .

- ( ) : My cap is old, yours is new. - . .

 

This , ,

These

That , ,

Those

Both

Either

Such ,

Neither ,

Each ,

Each other

Other ()

Another ()

Other - (), .

Another - (), .

:

? who?

? what?

? what?

? which?

? whose?

? whom?

? to whom?

? by whom?

some ; , , , -, -.

any - , "-". "". " ".

none "", "".

 





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