, h(t), 1(t).
: , , , , .
tp . , , ε = (3-5)%∙h. . t tmax hmax.
Δhmax . , . :
ε = Δhmax∙100% / h. (1)
. , , α , t: Δh/Δt = tgα t = ty.
( ), Δhmax. , , tp. , , . , , , , . 20-30% . -.
. , , . .
. H(ω)/ ω: Δ(ω) = H(ω)/.
ωmax , Δ(ωmax) = Δmax. Δ(ω) .
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, Δmax, . Δmax/Δ(0) = . Δ(0) = 1, = Δmax. = 1,2 1,5. . .
ωmax ω ω. ω Δ(ω) = 1. , . . ω Δ(0)/√2 = 0,707. (ω ω) , ω ω .
. . , .
. , , , 20 /. . . , . tp , . , tp.
. , , W(ω) = ∞.
η .
( ), 1 = (-η∙t) η. t = 3/η 5% , , .
( ), 1 = (-η∙t)∙sin(β1∙t + C2), η. t = 3/η.
μ = β/η, β η . . μ, , .
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, W(), , W() = 0, .
. . , .
. , , . ω (ω2>ω1).
ω ψ. ω = ω2 - , .
, ψ h, , ω2, 2 , , ( ). , , .
.
. , .
:
W(p) = U()/U() = R2∙(1 + pR1∙C)/(R2 + R1 + pR1∙R2∙C) (2)
(2) (R1 + R2),
W(p) = . (3)
R2/(R1 + R2) K , (R1∙) 1, ∙1 = 2. 1 2 ( < 1, 2< 1). (3) , :
W(p) = ∙(1 + ∙1)/(1 + ∙2). (4)
:
L(ω) = 20lgH(ω) = 20lgK + 20lg . (5)
:
φ(ω) = arctg(ω1) - arctg(ω2). (6)
: L(ω) = 20lgK (0 1/1), (20lgK + 20/) (1/1 - 1/2) (20lgK + 20) = const ω> 1/2. φ(ω) ωmax 0 +45, 0.
, 1> 2. ωmax, , dφ(ω)/dω = 0: ωmax = 1/ .
(6) ωmax, , :
φ(ω) = arctg(1 / ) - arctg(2 / ) = arctg - arctg . (7)
(7) , . , .
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, , , .
:
W(p) = U()/U() = (pR2∙C + 1)/(pR1∙C + pR2∙C + 1). (8)
R2∙C 2 , ∙(R1 + R2) = 1 . (8), :
W(p) = (1 + ∙2)/(1 + ∙1). (9)
, , . , .
:
L(ω) = 20lgH(ω) = 20lg . (10)
:
φ(ω) = arctg(ω2) - arctg(ω1). (11)
: L(ω) = 0 (0 1/1), (- 20/) (1/1 - 1/2) (- 20) = const ω> 1/2. φ(ω) ωmax 0 ( 90), 0.
- .
:
W(p) = U()/U() = (1 + ∙1)∙(1 + ∙2)/[ (1 + ∙3)(1 + ∙4)], (12)
1 = R1∙C1; 2 = R2∙C2; T3 + T4 = R1∙C1 + (R1 + R2)∙C2; T3 T4 = T1 T2.
- :
φ(ω) = arctg(ω2) + arctg(ω1) - arctg(ω3) - arctg(ω4). (13)
: L(ω) = 0 (0 1/3), (- 20/) (1/3 - 1/1), (- 20) = const (1/1 - 1/2), (+ 20/) (1/2 - 1/4) 0 ω> 1/4. φ(ω) : - 90 90, (1/1 - 1/2).
- , .
. , .
W() = W(p)/[1 + W(p)∙Woc(p)] : W() = W(p)∙Wn(p), Wn(p) = 1/[1 + W(p)∙Woc(p)] , Woc(p).
, , , , . Wn(p), Woc(p):
Woc(p) = [1 Wn(p)]/[Wn(p)∙W(p)]. (14)
- |W(jω)∙Woc(jω)| >> 1,
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W(jω) = W(jω)/[1 + W(jω)∙Woc(jω)] ≈ 1/Woc(jω), (15)
.. , , . .
. , .. W(0) ≠ 0, (W = ) [W(p) = /(Tocp + 1)] .
. [W() = ] - [W(p) = /(Tocp + 1)]. [Wδ(p) = K/p] (W = ) :
W(p) = K/(p + K∙Koc) = K1/(T1p + 1), (16)
1 = 1/: 1 = 1/∙.
, , . 1 .
:
W(p) = K/[p∙(Tp + 1); Woc(p) = Koc∙p;
W() = K/[p∙(Tp + 1 + K∙Koc)] = K1/[p∙(T1p + 1), (17)
K1 = /(1 + ∙); 1 = /(1 + ∙).
.. , .