1. (C6H6) , . . , , , , , .
. 9
Mr = 78.11 /, =5.5 º, =80.1 º, =562 º, =-11º.
. , 1865 . , . . , .
2. (-) (C6H14) , . . Mr=86.18 /, ρ=0.6548 /3, =-95 º, =69 º.
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3. (. Methanum) (CH4) , . , . , . 4,4 % 17 %. 9,5 %. Mr=16.04 /, =-182.5 º, =-161.6 º.
. 11
: ( ) (−180 C) - .
4. (HCOOH) . E236. Mr=46.025380 /, =8.25 º, =100.7 º, =520 º
. 12
: , , , . 1671 .
: . 10 % , 10 % . 100 %- . , . .
5. (108) - . , - , , , . Mr=128.17052 /, ρ=1.168 /3, =80.26 º, =217.7 º.
. 13
: Coptotermes formosanus , .
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6. (C8H8) (, , ) . , , . Mr=104.15 /, ρ=0.909 /3, =-30 º, =145 º.
. 15
, , (--) (-). .
7. (, ) (C4H8O) , . . . Mr=72.11 /, ρ=0.8892 /3, =-108.4 º, =66 º.
. 16
8. ( ) (CCl4) , . . Mr=153.82 /, ρ=1.5954 /3 ( 20 º), =-22.87 º, =76.75 º.
. 17
(, , .), .
10. ( . Tolu, ) (C6H5-CH3) , .
. 18
: 1838 . , , .
11. (, , TNT, 2,4,6-) (C7H5N3O6) . ( ). , . Mr=227.13 /, = 80.85 º, =295º.
. 19
, , , , 290 C, . .
: 1863 .
12. (C19H16) , , . , . Mr=244.33 /, ρ=1.014 /³, =92-94 º, =359º.
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13. ́ ( ) (CH3COOH) CH3COOH. . . . Mr=60.05 /, ρ=1.0492 /³, =16.75 º, =118.1 º.
. 21
: . . . , . , . , .
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14. (C4H4O) - . . . Mr= 68.07 /, ρ =0.936 /3, = -85.6 º, = 31.4 º.
. 22
15. (. Ethanum) (C2H6) . , . , . . . Mr= 30.07 /, ρ =0.5612 /3 ( 100 0), = -182.8 º, = -88.6 º.
. 23
16. ( , , , ) (C2H5OH) , . Mr= 46.069 /, ρ =0.7893 /3 ( 20 0), = -114.3 º, = 78.4 º.
. 24
, , . , , 15 % , . , .
: . spiritus vini. 1610 , spiritus () . 1670- . .
17. (2H4) . . . ; 2008 113 23 % . - . Mr= 28.05 /, ρ =0.001178 /3, = -169.2 º, = -103.7 º
. 23
80- . , .