. , ͳ - . . , . , ., , - 10 [314][314]. , .
1 5 :
"1" - ( );
"2" - ;
"3" - ( );
"4" - ;
"5" - ( ).
: (I) ; (II) ; (III) "know-how"; (IV) ; (V) ; (VI) ; (VII) ; (VIII) .
I.
, : ? ? ?
I.1.: () ; () ; () ; () (, , ).
I.2. ̳ : () ; () ; () .
I.3. : () ; () ; () ; () .
I.4. : () ; () ; () ; () , , , .
II.
ǒ, , , .
II.1. : () ; () ; () ; () ; () .
II.2. : () ; () ; () .
II.3. : () ; () ; () ; () .
II.4. . ³ , : () ; () ; () .
II.5. ( ): () ; () ; () .
III. Know-how
: "know-how"? "know-how" , ? "know-how" ? --?
|
|
III.1. "know-how": () ; () ; () 㳿; () ; () ; () 㳿.
III.2. : () ; () ; () ; () .
III.3. know-how: () ; () ; () ; () .
IV.
: ? ? ? ?
IV.1. : () ; () ; () .
IV.2. : () ; () ; () ; () ; () ; () .
IV.3. : () ; () ; () ; () .
IV.4. : () ; () ; () .
V.
: , ? 㳺, 㳺? ?
V.1. : () ; () ; () ; () .
V.2. : () ; () ; () ; () .
V.3. : () ( ); () (, , ); () ; () , ; () .
V.4. : () know-how; () ; () ; () .
VI. ֳ
. , , . , - ; ? , , ? ?
VI.1. : () ; () ; () ; () ; () , ?
VI.2. : () ; () ; () ; () ; () .
|
|
VI.3. ³ : () ; () ; () , ; () ; () .
VII.
, , , 䳿: ? ? ? , ? , ? ?
VII.1. : () , ; () ; () ; () , "" ?
VII.2. : () , ; () (, ); () , ?
VII.3. : () , , , ; () ; () , , ?
VIII.
: , ? ? ?
VIII.1. : () (, , , ); () .
VIII.2. : () - , , , ; () - , , , , , ; () - ; , , ; ; , , ; () .
VIII.3. : () (, ); () ; () ; () , , , ; () (, , , , ); () ( , , ).
VIII.4. : () , ; () , ( , ); () ; () ; () ( ) 㳺 .
VIII.5. : () , , ; () ; () ; () ; () ( ); () ( , ); () .
|
|
. - . - 10 . - , .,- "... ,... "[315][315].
, , : (, , , ), .
:
[1][1] Vaclav Holesovsky. Economic Systems: Analysis and Comparison.- N.Y.etc.: McGraw-Hill, 1977.- P.1.
[2][2] , , Comparative Economic Systems: Model and Cases / Ed. by Morris Bornstein.- 6th ed.- Homewood, Boston: Irwin, 1989.- P.5.
[3][3] ., , .5-8 . .
[4][4] .: William Ebenstein and Edwin Fogelman. Today's isms: Communism, Fascism, Capitalism, Socialism. - 9th ed.- Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1985.- 229 p.
[5][5] .: Nicholas V. Gianaris. Contemporary Economic Systems: A Regional and Country Approach. - Westport, London: Praeger, 1993.- P.1.
[6][6] , , . , 1903 . " ?" ( . : 50- , .46).
[7][7] ., , Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics / Ed. by R.W.England.- Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1994.- P.4-8; Comparative Economic Systems: Models and Cases / Ed. by M.Bornstein.- Homewood, Boston: Irvin, 1989.- P.18-26; Nicholas V. Gianaris, Contemporary Economic Systems: A Regional and Country Approach.- Westport; London: Praeger, 1993.- P.1-11.
[8][8] .: Alfred R. Oxenfeldt and Vsevolod Holubnychy. Economic Systems in Action: The United States, The Soviet Union, and France. - 3rd ed.- N.Y.etc.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.- P.169.
, 1952 , - - . - .
[9][9] .: The Evolution of Economic Systems / Ed. by K.Dopfer and K.-F.Raible.- N.Y.: St.Martin's Press, 1990.- P.1-18; Alfred R. Oxenfeldt and Vsevolod Holubnychy. Economic Systems in Action: The United States, The Soviet Union, and France. - 3rd ed.- N.Y.etc.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.- P.167-239.
[10][10] .: David R. Kamerschen, Richard B. McKenzie, Clark Nardinelli. Ekonomia.- Gdańsk: NSZZ "Solidarność", 1991.- S.939.
[11][11] . ? : .-.- .: , 1992.- .9.
[12][12] .: David R. Kamerschen, Richard B. McKenzie, Clark Nardinelli. Ekonomia.- S.939.
[13][13] , .
, ᒺ , - . 70- (J.Forrester. World Dynamics. Cambridge, 1973; D.L.Meadows et al. The Limits to Growth. N.Y., 1975; M.Mesarovic and E.Pestel. Mankind at the Turning Point. N.Y., 1974; E.Laszlo, Goals for Mankind. N.Y., 1977; ., . ., 1979), . ( 10000 ) , , . , -, . . , - "Road Marks to the Future" (Oxford etc.: Pergamon Press, 1980), "", . , , , , , ᒺ .
|
|
[14][14] .: . : . .- .: , 1993.- .12-15.
[15][15] .- .13.
[16][16] .: . 1. / ...- : , 1992.- .124.
[17][17] . : . .- .13.
[18][18] .: 볺 , 5-7 // . - : - .. , 1989.- .18-26.
[19][19] .: . . - .136-138.
[20][20] .- .14.
[21][21] .- .139-142.
[22][22] .: . 1. . - .129.
[23][23] : . - .153-201.
[24][24] " " . : Emil Bej. Codetermination Principle in Labor-Managed Economy: An Institutional Approach // Jahrbuch der Wirtschaft Osteuropas. -München; Wien: Günter Olzog Verlag, 1981.- Band 9, Halbband 1.- S.11-33.
[25][25] . - .151-152.
[26][26] - . .- : , 1994.- .62.
[27][27] .
[28][28] - . // . -. - : , 1993.- .151.
[29][29] .- .152.
[30][30] .- .151.
[31][31] .: Paul A.Samuelson, William D.Nordhaus and John McCallum. Economics.- 6th canadian ed.- Toronto etc.: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1988.- P.785-787.
[32][32] .: Friedrich Hayek. The Road to Serfdom. - Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1944.
. , . . . , , .
[33][33] . , , . , . ( , ) . , , (, , ).
[34][34] Paul R.Gregory and Robert C.Stuart. Comparative Economic Systems. - 2nd ed.- Boston etc.: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.- P.12.
[35][35] Stephen Trudgill. Barriers to a Better Environment: What stops us solving environmental problems? - London: Belhaven Press, 1990.- P.87.
[36][36] Paul R.Gregory and Robert C.Stuart. Comparative Economic Systems. - P.26.
[37][37] Comparative Economic Systems: Models and Cases. - P.7.
[38][38] .: Paul R.Gregory and Robert C.Stuart. Comparative Economic Systems. - P.28.
[39][39] Ibid.- P.27.
[40][40] Richard B.Norgaard. The Coevolution of Economic and Environmental Systems and the Emergence of Unsustainability // Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics / Ed. by Richard W.England.- Ann Arbor: The Michigan University Press, 1994.- P.216.
[41][41] .: Ernst Haeckel. Generalle Morphologie der Organismen. - Berlin: Reimer, 1866.- Bd 2.- 462 S.
|
|
[42][42] ., ³ . . - .: , 1995.- .32.
[43][43] Rinaldi S. Systems Analysis and Environmental Modelling // Systems Sciences and Modelling / Ed. by A.Ruberti.- Dordrecht etc.: D.Reidel; Paris: UNESCO, 1984.- P.81.
[44][44] .: Tansley A.G. The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms // Ecology. - 1935.- Vol.16, No.2.- P.284-307.
[45][45] .: Stephen Trudgill. Barriers to a Better Environment: What stops us solving environmental problems? - London: Belhaven Press, 1990.- P.86-87.
[46][46] ., : Paul R.Gregory and Robert C.Stuart. Comparative Economic Systems. - P.29; Comparative Economic Systems: Models and Cases. - P.7; Vaclav Holesovsky. Economic Systems: Analysis and Comparison. - P.17.
[47][47] Frederic L.Pryor. A Guidebook to the Comparative Study of Economic Systems. - Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1985.- P.15.
[48][48] Comparative Economic Systems: Models and Cases. - P.4.
[49][49] John M.Gowdy. Coevolutionary Economics: The Economy, Society, and the Environment. - Boston etc.: Kluwer, 1994.- P.1-2.
[50][50] . ³ .. // : . - : , 1992.- .335.
[51][51] . // . - , , . - : , 1990.- .115.
[52][52] .- .126.
[53][53] .- .146-147.
[54][54] .- .147.
[55][55] . .- .: , 1983.- .252.
(1863-1945) , .. . - . ( , .. ).
[56][56] , , . , ., ( ).
, , . . dz , , , "ʳ " (1944), , (.: .., .., .. ... .- .: . , 1984.- .122-123).
[57][57] . . - .: , 1977.- .2.- .96.
[58][58] .- .150. , , , , , . , , - (Le Conte. Elements of Geology. 1915), . - ( .. . 1936). . (Le Roy. L'exigence idéaliste et le fait de l'èvolution. 1927).
[59][59] . // ³ .- 1987.- 5.- .70-75.
[60][60] . // ³ .- 1995.- 17.- .331.
[61][61] .- .332.
[62][62] 㳿 ᒺ (.: . // ³ .- 1987.- 5.- .70-75; . // ³ .- 1995.- 17.- .330-336). . , . .
[63][63] : Andrew Zimbalist, Howard J.Sherman and Stuart Brown. Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. - New York etc.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.- P.15.
, : , . ѳ , .
[64][64] William P.Snavely. Theory of Economic Systems: Capitalism, Socialism and Corporatism. - Columbus: Charles E.Merill, 1969.- P.VII.
[65][65] Martin C.Schnitzer and James W.Nordyke. Comparative Economic Systems. - Cincinnati etc.: South-Western, 1971.- P.211.
[66][66] Ibid.- P.214-215.
[67][67] Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. - München: Bayerische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildungsarbeit, 1995.- S.124.
[68][68] .: Horst Seidel, Rudolf Temmen. Grunlagen der Volkswirtschaftslehre. - Bad Homburg vor der Höhe: Gehlen, 1991.- S.381.
[69][69] Vaclav Holesovsky. Economic Systems: Analysis and Comparison. - P.16.
[70][70] Ibid.- P.17-25.
[71][71] Kanji Haitani. Comparative Economic Systems: Organizational and Managerial Perspectives. - Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1986.- P.10.
[72][72] Ibid.- P.10.
[73][73] Ibid.- P.11.
[74][74] Ibid.- P.18.
[75][75] .. , , , . . : . : (). - : , 1994.- 11 .().
[76][76] .: .- .9.
[77][77] "Know-how", , , , , , ( ), , .
[78][78] .: Clopper Almon, Jr. Input-output analysis // Encyclopedia of Economics / Ed. by D.Greenwald.- N.Y. etc.: McGraw-Hill, 1982.- P.526-530.
[79][79] ( . lag - , ) . , , .
[80][80] Picard A.-M. Transports et environnement // Transports. - 1990.- Vol.35, Nº340.- P.210-224.
[81][81] - 33.1 - 33.9 : Edwin G.Dolan and David E.Lindsey. Economics. - Chicago etc.: The Dryden Press, 1988.- P.810-822.
[82][82] .: Helmbold Martin. Probleme und Resultate des Umveltschutzes in der Elektrizitätwirtschaft der BRD // IPW Berichte. - 1990.- Band 19, Nr.4.- S.1-6.
[83][83] Nicholas V.Gianaris. Contemporary Economic Systems: A regional and country approach.- Westport; London: Praeger, 1993.- P.53.
[84][84] Ethnicity and National Identity: Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Persons with Ukrainian Mother Tongue in the United States / Ed.by Oleh Wolowyna.- Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.- P.IX.
[85][85] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.375.
[86][86] Ibid.- P.375, 507.
[87][87] Ibid.- P.373.
[88][88] Ibid.- P.375.
[89][89] . ? . - .12.
[90][90] .- .6.
[91][91] Max Weber. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.- N.Y.: Scribner, 1930.- P.5-8.
[92][92] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.72.
[93][93] Ibid.- P.379, 373.
[94][94] Ibid.- P.373.
[95][95] Ibid.- P.379, 498.
[96][96] David Hargreaves, Monica Eden-Green and Joan Devaney. World Index of Resources and Population.- Aldershot etc.: Dartmouth, 1994.- P.34.
[97][97] World Resources, 1992-93: A Report by The World Resources Institute.- New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.- P.262.
[98][98] Ibid.
[99][99] David R. Kamerschen, Richard B. McKenzie, Clark Nardinelli. Ekonomia. - S.783.
[100][100] Floyd M.Baird. An Age of Environmental Concern // Building Operating Management. - 1989.- Vol.36, No.10.- P.20.
[101][101] Ibid.
[102][102] California May Tighten Environmental Rules // The Oil and Gas Journal- 1990.- Vol.88, No.6.- P.30.
[103][103] Ibid.- P.30.
[104][104] Ibid.
[105][105] Cleaning the Air Can Foul Up the Economy // Economist. - 1990.- Vol.314, No.7641.- P.41-42.
[106][106] Ibid.- P.41-42.
[107][107] Joan Bavaria. An Environmental Code for Corporations // Science and Technology. - 1989.- Vol.6, No.2.- P.28-31.
[108][108] Ibid.
[109][109] Richard J.Fink. Public Land Acquisition for Environmental Protection // Ecology Law Quarterly. - 1991.- Vol.18, No.3.- P.485-557.
[110][110] Ibid.
[111][111] Thomas H.Birch. The Incarceration of Wildness: Wildness Areas as Prisons // Environmental Ethics. - 1990.- Vol.12, No.1.- P.3-26.
[112][112] .: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.174-178; 349-350.
[113][113] Ibid.- P.123.
[114][114] Ibid.- P.125.
[115][115] : Ibid.- P.125.
[116][116] : Ibid.- P.111, 123, 125.
[117][117] . : . .- .: , 1993.- .21.
[118][118] .- .21.
[119][119] : . - : , 1994.- .169.
[120][120] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.444.
[121][121] Ibid.- P.154.
[122][122] Ibid.- P.152.
[123][123] - . . - : .., 1963.- .144.
" ", , . , , - . , , , ᒺ , . , , - , ᒺ ( ). .
[124][124] Max Weber. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. - P.5-8.
[125][125] . - : .. , 1989.- .70, 163.
[126][126] . . - .164.
[127][127] .: . 1. . - .137-138.
[128][128] Dieter Grosser. Sociale Marktwirtschaft - Soziale Sicherheit: Erfahrungen in der Bundesrepublik - Perspektiven im wiedervereinigten Deuthschland.- Melle: Knoth, 1993.- S.8.
ͳ, , ͳ .
[129][129] .: Horst Seidel, Rudolf Temmen. Grunlagen der Volkswirtschaftslehre. - Bad Homburg vor der Höhe: Gehlen, 1991.- S.374.
[130][130] Carlton J.H.Hayes, Parker T.Moon and John W.Wayland. World History. - New York: MacMillan, 1947.- P.679-681.
[131][131] . // ˳ 쳿. - : ˳ , 1982.- .9.- .23.
. ͳ . ( ) .
[132][132] - . . - .144-145.
[133][133] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.769.
[134][134] - . . - .144.
[135][135] . ͳ // .- ; -: , 1995.- .2, .11.- .142.
[136][136] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.769.
[137][137] Ibid.
[138][138] Ibid.
[139][139] Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. - München: Bayerische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildungsarbeit, 1995.- S.135-149.
[140][140] Umweltbericht das BMU 1990// GIT: Fachzeitschrift für das Laboratorium. - 1990.- Bd 34, Nr.7.- S.870.
[141][141] Voss Gerhard. Europe 1992: Repercussion on Environmental Protection Policies and Problems of Harmonisation of Environmental Protection Derectives // Ziegelind. Int.- 1990.- Vol.43, No.4.- P.210-215.
[142][142] Belastungsgrenze erreicht // Chemische Industrie. - 1991.- Bd 114, Nr.12.- S.24-26.
[143][143] G.-A.Ahrens, A.Friedrich, N.Gorissen. Entwicklung verkehrsbedingter NOx-Emissionen 1985-1998 und Maßnahmen zu ihrer Minderung // GIT: Fachzeitschrift für das Laboratorium.- 1990.- Bd 34, Nr.7.-861-862, 864-866.
[144][144] Ibid.
[145][145] Wolfgang Lohrer. Luftreinhaltemaßnamen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland // Staub-Reinhaltung der Luft.- 1990.- Bd 50, Nr.4.- S.131-138.
[146][146] Jan C.Bongaerts, Andreas R.Kraemer. Liability Rules, Insurance and Reduction of Risk of Environmental Damages // The Environmental Professional.- 1989.- Vol.11, No.3.- P.209-219.
[147][147] Die Abfallentsorgung ist eine der brennendsen Fragen unserer Zeit // Unser Wald.- 1990.- Bd 42, Nr.5.- S.26.
[148][148] Nationalpark "Bayerischer Wald" // Unser Wald.- 1992.- Bd 44, Nr.1.- S.10-12.
[149][149] / .....- : ., 1990.- .58.
[150][150] .- .58-59.
[151][151] .- .60-61.
[152][152] .: .- .49-50.
[153][153] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.769.
[154][154] Ibid.
[155][155] . . - .80.
[156][156] .
[157][157] Carlton J.H.Hayes, Parker T.Moon and John W.Wayland. World History. - P.545-556.
[158][158] / .. . .- .: ., 1990.- .9.
[159][159] , . - .164.
[160][160] .
[161][161] Alfred R. Oxenfeldt and Vsevolod Holubnychy. Economic Systems in Action: The United States, The Soviet Union, and France. - 3rd ed.- N.Y.etc.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.- P.190-191.
[162][162] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.767.
[163][163] . . - .80.
[164][164] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.767.
[165][165] . - .12.
[166][166] .- .7.
[167][167] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.767.
[168][168] R.Perrin. Environmental Policy in France // Plann. Outlook.- 1989.- Vol.32, Nº1.- P.15-22.
[169][169] 1970-1990: Le poids des vingt dernières années// Environnement actualite. - 1990.- Suppl.spec.- P.8-12.
[170][170] Ibid.
[171][171] A.-M.Picard. Transports et environnement // Transports. - 1990.- Vol.35, Nº340.- P.210-224.
[172][172] H.Kempf. Sur les chemins de la découverte // Sciences et avenir. - 1990.- Hors ser.Nº78.- P.74-77.
[173][173] Jean-Marc Gougis. La reconquête d'une forêt péri-urbaine: le reboisement du massif du Rouvray // Bulletin technique / Off.nat.forets.- 1991.- Nº21.- P.51-57.
[174][174] A.Debiar. Stratégie de maitrise des risgues // Preventique. - 1991.- Nº38.- P.16-19.
[175][175] . - .113.
[176][176] .- .114.
[177][177] .
[178][178] : . - .183.
[179][179] . - .116.
[180][180] .
[181][181] .- .117.
[182][182] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.767.
[183][183] : . - .177.
[184][184] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.767.
[185][185] : . - .173.
[186][186] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.767.
[187][187] David R. Kamerschen, Richard B. McKenzie, Clark Nardinelli. Ekonomia.- S.949.
[188][188] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.767.
[189][189] Ibid.
[190][190] . - .130.
[191][191] .- .131-132.
[192][192] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.823.
[193][193] Ibid.
[194][194] Ibid.
[195][195] . : - . - : , 1991.- .182.
[196][196] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995. - P.823.
[197][197] . : - . - .177-178.
[198][198] .- .178.
[199][199] .- .177.
[200][200] .- .178.
[201][201] .- .8.
[202][202] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.823.
[203][203] . : - . - .8-9.
[204][204] .- .178.
[205][205] .- .14.
[206][206] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.823.
[207][207] . . - .181.
[208][208] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.823.
[209][209] . : - . - .176.
[210][210] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.823.
[211][211] . : - . - .79.
[212][212] .
[213][213] .
[214][214] .- .79-80.
[215][215] : . - .233.
[216][216] . : - . - .80.
[217][217] Harald Müller-Witt. Umweltschutz und Informationstechnik // Umweltmagazin. - Bd 19, Nr.10.- S.78-80.
[218][218] B.Bergander and D.Johansson. Small-Scale Hydro Power Developments in Sweden and its Environmental Consequences // - .- 1991.- 6.- .50-55.
[219][219] . : - . - .77.
[220][220] .
[221][221] .- .68-69.
[222][222] : . - .183.
[223][223] . : - . - .69.
[224][224] .
[225][225] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.823.
[226][226] : . - .177.
[227][227] .
[228][228] . : - . - .60.
[229][229] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.823.
[230][230] Ibid.- P.823.
[231][231] . : - . - .19.
[232][232] .- .23.
[233][233] . . - .181.
[234][234] . , , , , , , . . ᒺ , , , , , , , ., " " ", - , ³ - , , " ( . -. - -: , 1954.- .468).
[235][235] . .- : , 1991.- .32.
[236][236] . .- : , 1990.- .22.
[237][237] , . ( ab origine - ).
[238][238] . .- .32.
[239][239] .
[240][240] .- .33.
[241][241] . // . ? - : , 1994.- .115.
[242][242] . . - .33.
[243][243] . -. - .421.
. , " - ". , , " , , , , , 糿 , , .... , , .... , - ³...- 糿. , , , . , " (.421).
[244][244] ., . . // . - .: ., 1993.- .3.- .321.
[245][245] . : .- ; : , 1978.- .4.
[246][246] .
[247][247] .
1932-33 , "³", 1947 , .
[248][248] . .- .24.
ֳ , , , , , - (г ), ( ), (dz .), (г ) , г .
[249][249] . . - .290.
[250][250] .
[251][251] .- .291.
[252][252] : . // , . . ̳ . - .: , 1988.- .53, 54, 57, 63, 67.
[253][253] .- .69.
, " " "" ., - , . "", , "" (, , ), , , , .
[254][254] . // . .- .: , 1982.- .44.- .215.
. " ", . , . "" . " ", .
[255][255] .: ³. ҳ , // . - 1991.- 2.- .52.
[256][256] .: . 1. . - .146.
[257][257] .- .138-139.
[258][258] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.767, 769, 788, 829, 830.
[259][259] . : 2 .- : , 1994.- .11.
[260][260] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.829.
[261][261] . . - .116-131.
[262][262] . 㳿 // . - ; -: , 1949.- .1/2.- .711.
[263][263] . 㳿.- : ³ , 1993.- .60.
[264][264] . 㳿 . - .711.
[265][265] . 㳿.- .61.
[266][266] . 㳿 .- .712-713.
[267][267] . 㳿.- .61.
[268][268] . 㳿 .- .713.
[269][269] .
[270][270] .- .714.
[271][271] .
[272][272] .- .714-715.
[273][273] .- .715.
[274][274] .- .716-717.
[275][275] . 㳿.- .62.
[276][276] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.829.
[277][277] Ibid.
[278][278] . .- .121.
[279][279] Gerhard Schwarz. Limitations to the Interdependence of Systems // The Evolution of Economic Systems / Ed.by K.Dopfer and K.-F.Raible.- N.Y.: St.Martin's Press, 1990.- P.33.
[280][280] .- .: , 1996.- 48 .
[281][281] . .- .61.
[282][282] .- .70.
[283][283] .
[284][284] 쳿 , XVIII . ., . " " (, 1958).
[285][285] Homo sapiens homo technocraticus.- .: , 1991.- .186.
[286][286] . . - .96.
[287][287] .
[288][288] .- .96.
[289][289] .- .97.
[290][290] .- .97.
[291][291] .
[292][292] Homo sapiens homo technocraticus. - .180.
[293][293] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.829.
[294][294] Homo sapiens homo technocraticus.- .173.
[295][295] .- .169.
[296][296] . // . - 1996.- 12.- .9.
[297][297] .
[298][298] : // ij.- 1996.- 27.- .13.
[299][299] . .- .9.
[300][300] : .- .13.
[301][301] . . - .305.
[302][302] .- .307.
[303][303] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.829.
[304][304] . . - .309.
[305][305] The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1995.- P.829.
[306][306] . . - .144.
[307][307] : .- .13.
[308][308] , ( 01.01.1996 .) // . - 1996.- 5.- .21-22.
[309][309] .: . . . // . - 1997.- 7.- .33.
[310][310] .: . // . - 1996.- 52.- .12-13.
[311][311] .: 1938 . - : , 1939.- .172-177.
[312][312] . . - .164-166.
[313][313] .- .163.
[314][314].: . . - : [], 1994.- 11 .
[315][315] . . - .1.
:
.. : .- : , 1997. - 176 .
ISBN 5-7763-2738-5
Copyright by .., 1997.