.
.
()
- . , , . , , . , , . , .
, , , , . , .
-, . , N , N→∞ / N ( ≥ ) . (. 2.5)
Z, .. , :
Z = Z * (2.29)
. 2.5 - .(2 >1)
2 → , , , .. :
V = 2Z
Z: V = 2Z *
V = * 2, 1,
= V/2 = 2Z/2 *
: = 0 * , 0, .
, = 1, 0 Z 2.
, + → P 1. :
= Z * (2.30)
Z . . . , . , . , :
|
|
= * Z * (2.31)
, , . , , . , .