.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


5




2) five twelve ve f;

3) eight h; nine ;

4) , , ie th. : twenty the twentieth.


. , , , . (. 37).

122. 1.

1. , , ( ). : 1900 nineteen hundred, 1905 nineteen hundred and five nine teen [ouj five, in 1913 in nineteen thirteen.

2. : the 20th (of) May, 1963 (the twentieth of May, nineteen sixty-three). : May 20, 1963.

3. :

1. . ( 12 6) past ( after) . : ... It is ten (minutes) past twelve ( after twelve).

o'clock .

, . . 6 12, to ( of before) (). , - It is ten (minutes) to twelve ( ten of twelve, ten before twelve). : it is a quarter past ( after)

it is a quarter to ( of, before)

it is half past .

, quarter , half .

2. . , , , , :

12 . 10 . twelve ten 12 . 15 . twelve fifteen

1 . . . , . . . . .


12 . 30 . twelve thirty 12 . 45 . twelve forty five.

: ante meridiem (. .).

: post meridiem (p. m.).

24- : 14 fourteen hours ( o'clock). : 1425 fourteen hundred and twenty-five hours. 14 00 fourteen hundred hours. The train arrives at six forty five a. m. The meeting will

begin at seven twenty p. m.

123.

 

(Vulgar or Common Fractions) (Decimal Fractions)
1/2 a (one) half 0.1 : point one, : nought (zero)2 point one
1/3 a (one) third 0.01 : point [ou] one, : nought (zero)2 point [ou] one.
2/3 two thirds 2.35 : two point three five ( thirty-five)
1/4 a (one) quarter a (one) fourth 32.305 : three two ( thirty-two) point three [ou] five
3/4 three quarters  
  three fourths  
1/5 a (one) fifth  
2/5 two fifths  
1/6 one sixth  
5/ five sixths  
1 1/2 one and a (one) half  
2 1/3 two and a (one) third  

1 . . . , . . II . . .

2 .


,

1) , : Ys (one) third, 1/3 a (one) fifth, 1/8 an (one) eighth. yjj : a (one) half ( : one second), a (one) quarter (: a fourth);

2) , -s.

:

2/ two thirds; 3/5 three fifths; 5/a five sixths;

3) , , : 2/3 ton (: two thirds of a ton); 3/4 kilometre ( : three quarters of a kilometre); Y2 ton (: half a ton);

4) , , .

:

2'/2 tons (: two and a half tons two tons and a half). 41/3 tons (: four and a third tons four tons and a third);

5) , , , . , :

: iy2 hours (: one and a half hours one (an) hour and a half).

1/ pounds (: one and a third pounds one (a) pound and a third).

6) *. , . , , : point.

: [] nought2. , .

:

0.25 point two five : o[ou] nought point two five, 14.105. one four ( fourteen) point one o[ou] five;

7) , , , : 0.25 ton (: point two five ( twenty five) of a ton). .

:

1.25 tons (: one point two five tons); 23.76 tons (: two three point seven six tons twenty-three point seven six tons).

1 , .

2 : zero.


124. . : 2% 2 per centx 2 . . (: two per cent). : 3/8%, 3/8 per cent, 3/8 . . (: three eighths per cent, three eighth? of one per cent) 1/2%, 1/2 per cent, 1/2 p. . (: a half per cent, a (one) half of one per cent); 6.2%, 0.2 per cent, 0.2 p. . (: point two per cent).

125. not . .

(.: . Nobody has ever told anybody anything anywhere).

not - ( ) . :

. You must not shout.

. be or not to be that is the question.

. The method does not employ any temporary filling.

, . Bovine A substances were found not to precipitate with antisera.

126. . . - . No a, an any. . . :

. No attempts were made to see her.

. No details are available.

2,

1 Per cent ( . .), , pro centum . , , . cent -s.

. . 145


3 4. The solvent exerts no influence on any of the constants K2, K3, K4.

.

' zirconium was removed from the resin under these conditions.

, , . This is interpreted to reflect increased catalyst acidity since there is no evidence for any increase in dehydrogena-tiou activity.

, -, . However, no very convincing mechanism appears to have been offered for a hypothesis of this nature.

, . Acidification and extraction isolated a brown oil from which no homogeneous product could be obtained directly.

He . No good route to compounds of the coprostane series was available.

III 1,0 N , . Treatment of III for 1 hour with 1. ON ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution gave no detectable acid product.

127. , .

: nobody, never, one, nothing, nowhere neither... nor, - .

:

: I see nobody.

, . Never could this reaction be expected to take place under these conditions.

, Al2SaCle, . The active molecule of reactant is supposed to be A12S2G16, but nothing is known of its structure.

, - . In fact, neither shock cooling nor any other method has yet been found to give an entirely amorphous product.

128. .

not


un-, im-, in-, dis-. , , , .

:

1865 ., 1879 .

The compound was prepared in 1865, although it was not recognized as a thiazole until 1879.

. The theoretical aspects of the phenomenon will not be treated until later.

, . It is not improbable that there took place an inversion of configuration.

, . It not infrequently happens that a large phage population contains a few variant phage particles.

129. more than . , , .

:

9% . These metallic ions account for no more than 9 per cent of dimer.

, . Neither xanthinin nor xanthanin shows more than end absorption.

a-|J- . The frequency of an a-p-unsaturated aldehydic carbonyl group is not lowered by more than a few wave numbers.

. It did not 1 them more than two hours to carry out this reaction.

. little more than , . :

XIX - . In the latter half of the 19th century the organic chemists concept was little more than a method of interpretation of molecular geometry.

, 5%- . Both the former and the latter procedure gave little more than 5 per cent yield.

10* 147


130. for no other reason than. : , , , . :

, , . The products of such reactions have frequently been assumed to be dimeric for no other reason than they were obviously not monomeric.

5,8 , , , . However, one should not conclude from data at pH 5,8 that these waves represent successive reductions to lactic or propionic acid if for no other reason than that lactic acid is not reducible at the dropping electrode.

131. rather than. , , . :

, . We obtained monomolecular rather than bimolecular compounds.

, . The diffusion is radical rather than linear.

, . It is very convenient to treat the subject of chemisorption from a thermodynainical point of view rather than from a statistical one.

, , . Rather than accelerate the reaction this compound brought about the rupture of the chain.

!. rather than . :

, , . It is difficult to understand, why the halide of cyanide ions do not directly attack the diazonium cation rather than coordinating with the cuprous salt as an intermediate step.

132. to fail . to fail + .

:


. - pattern failed to affirm this suggestion.

- . Hence m-toluenesulphonic acid fails to rearrange.

. Stilbene fails to react with diazoacetic ester.

, , . Gelatin and some of the protamins which do not contain tryptophan fail to respond to the test.

, . Harrison examined this diketone in several base solutions hut failed to detect any reduction steps.

, . Since estriol fails to form an acetonide under forcing conditions, the two alcoholic hydroxyl groups must be in the trans orientation.

He 5--: 4- , .

Failing to obtain 5-methyl-3: 4-benzofluorene by a Bougault type cyclisation, we sought another route to this compound.

133. . , .

The Active Voice , , , , , .

:

. Corrosion of iron causes great economic losses.

. This compound catalysed the reaction.

The Passive Voice , , , , , , .

:

. Great economic losses are caused by corrosion of iron.

. The reaction was catalysed by this compound.


Passive Voice :

>

} the article is translated

>

the article was discussed

50 the lecturer will be given 50 minutes

he was shown the new equipment

she was given this book

this article is much spoken about

the equipment was sent for

the force was acted upon

the question was answered

mention has been made of

care should be taken of...

provision is made for...

.

, , , , : -, ; -, , , , ; -, , , . :

. The man was orbited around the Earth.

, . The test was especially pronounced when hydrolysis was effected by trypsin.

. In another experiment aniline was subjected to the same phenylating agent.

. The reaction is run in the cold.

, . This step proved to be greatly influenced by the final pH of the solution.

. Butadiene gas is run from a steel cylinder into an Erlenmeyer flask.


. Each tube is then checked for lysis or for presence of phage.

. The problem must be attacked from another point of view.

- . The changes in the -CH absorption will be dealt with more fully in the section on ring structures.

1 1 N , 33%- - 17% - 34% . When substance I was heated for one hour under reflux with 1 N ethanolic potassium hydroxide a 33% yield of a-benzylbenzoin (II) was obtained, together with 17% of benzylphenylcarbinol and 34% of benzoic acid.

. The sodium atom is favored slightly over the hydrogen ion.

, 2,2-. The third isomer could, on the same system, be named 2,2-dimethylpropane.

134. . , . :

, , , . There are polymers which will be called linear whether the chain is open or closed.

, 77,3% . No attempt was made by Dennis to ascertain what became of the remaining 77,3 per cent of germanium.

. This theory was advanced by Euler in the last century.

135. . (.: , ). ,


. : () The temperature rises ( ) The temperature is raised. Cotton is grown in the South : Cotton grows in the South. .

:

. : The alcohol acetylates easily ( ); : The alcohol is acetylated easily.

2. : The ketone brominates at the 2-position ( ); : The ketone is brominated at the 2-position.

. : Hindered acids esterify readily with diazomethane; : Hindered acids are esterified readily by diazomethane.

. : The esters hydrolyse with great difficulty; : The esters are hydrolysed with great difficulty.

. , , . :

. 1 , , ( ?) , 10 . In general, the spectrum of Fig. 1 was the same whether the gases were collected during the early stages of the irradiation or the sample had an accumulated dose of approximately 109 roentgen.

( ?) 25 . The temperature was kept at 25 for an hour

( ?) . Hydrogen fluoride was substituted for water in the catalyst.

( ?) 50 6 (?) 5 , (?) 80 The temperature was raised to 50C and at 6-hr intervals was raised 5 until 80C was reached. , ( ?) . The amine is isolated from the reaction.


136. by with . , , with by, , (, ?). :

. shops are equiped with automatic machinery.

. This was done by many scientists.

. The early experiments were carried out by several scientists.

, with by, .

, ? , ? . , by ?, a with ?. :

(?). This method of nitration has been reported by several investigators.

, , (?). The protein was filtered, washed thoroughly with water, and the buffer salts were removed with Biodeminrolit resin.

by, with : , by, , , with. by with , .





:


: 2015-10-27; !; : 307 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

1928 - | 1589 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.1 .