, - , , , . 1, 0,3. - (N2, Ar). 2000. (, ). , .
t .
5 -: 1 , 2 , 3 ..
.
. - , . .
. 2 . : 2 3 .
2 3 . . , , .. , . , .
HCl , .
1. -.
. :
) .
C6H6; CCl4; CH3Cl; (CH3)2S=O e = 40; pKs 17.
(CH3)2S=NH e = 27; pKs 18.
pKs
. , .. . , , . , , .
CH3CN .
- .
) . , +. - .
1. , . :
H2O + HCl H3O+ + Cl- H2O H+ + OH-
C2H5OH + HCl C2H5OH2+ + Cl-
-
C2H5OH C2H5O- + H+
-
2. . .
|
|
. .
55N + HOH 55NH+ + OH-
-
55N + 3 55NH+ + 3-
20000 . . , .
, , , .
3. , .. . .
364 + [364]- + H3O+
-
=6∙10-11 .
364 + H2N-NH2 [364]- + H2N-NH3+
=10-4
.
, 1= 10-11 2= 10-6,
1= 10-5 2= 10-4. .
, . . .
.
.
. . , , . Ks , , . ( D . ) .
- , . , -- , , . , . .
1. . e > 15, m ³ 2,5 D ()
CH3)2S=O e = 40; pKs 17.
H3-CºN ;
, (3)2S-NH
, .
2. .
H2SO4; HCOOH; CH3COOH; C2H5OH
, . , - . , .
|
|
3. . .
716 1022 1532 CS2,
e < 15, m < 2,5 D, m = 0, e = 2.
. , 1, , .
m = e∙l, - . l .
m = q∙l,
q . l , . 1 D = 3,3 ∙10-30. 1,841 D.
4 .
HS -
HS S- + H+
HS + + 2S+ (SH2+)
SH2+ - .
SH2+ HS + +
S- + H+ HS
-
8. . . . . .
10.. " ". . .
+ bB Þ
.
, 1 +, 1 - 1 1 .
, KMnO4 + Na2SO4 + 2SO4 Þ Mn2+
1/5 KMnO4 1 , .. 1/5. .
.. . , (/).
- 1 . (/) . / = /, .
+ bB Þ
+ b/aB Þ
b/a .