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:

































 

 

 

 


. . .




, .

, . ( ):

+ + - + = 3+ + -

3+ - .

; = 1,86∙10-16.

.

[+][-]= KW = K[]; [HOH] = 1000/18 =55,5 /.

[+][-]= 1,86∙10-16 ∙55,5=10-14.

[+][-]= 10-14

lg[H+] + lg[-] = -14

-lg[H+] - lg[-] = 14

, , . .

+ = 14.

, , [H+] = [-].

[+] = [-] = 10-7; [H+]2 = 10-14; [H+] = 10-7 = 7.

. , .

. = 7.

.. .

, , 14. , . < 0, > 14.

2 25 252+ + 25-

- -

= .

[252+][25-] = 10-19.

[252+] = [25-] =

0______ _____9,5____ ______19.

,

2 NH3 .

KS = 10-33

0______ _____16,5____ ______33.

10. . . .

, , . , , .. . , . , .

, , ::

- - (3 3Na). ;

- NH4OH NH4Cl - ;

- NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4 - .

, + , . , - .

, (1, H2SO4, HNO3), , :

CH3COONa + HC1 Þ3 + NaCl

3 + + Þ3

(1 H2SO4) , .

(NaOH, ) : >

3 + NaOH Þ CH3COONa + 2

+ + Þ 2

+, .

.

:

NH4OH + HNO3 Þ NH4NO3 + H2O

+ + Þ 2

(NaOH, KOH) NH4OH:

NH41 + NaOH Þ NH4OH + NaC1

NH4+ + Þ NH4OH

. - , 1 , .

, . . , . . , 10 .

. , . . , , .

.

, , . , Ni2+ ( ) = 5.





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: 2015-11-05; !; : 755 |


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