.
1) , .
, :
2) ;
3) .
.
11
( ).
H OH O
CH3-C-H + 3O CH3-C-OH H2O + CH3-C
H OH OH
O
OH
( + ).
:
1)
2)
( (
) )
.
nH2n+1COOH
, | ||
O H-C OH | ||
O CH3-C OH | ||
CH3-CH2-COOH | ||
CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH | ||
O CH3-CH-C CH3 OH | ||
CH3-(CH2)3-COOH | ||
CH3-(CH2)4-COOH |
, :
O
H3-CH-C ( )
CH3 OH
.
CH3 O
CH3-C-C
CH3 OH
(IUPAC)
, . . , , - .
5 4 3 2 1 O
H3-CH-CH2-CH2-C 4-
CH3 OH
.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-COOH 4-
CH2-COOH
) 20-40 (. );
)
R-C=O
OH
R-CH=CH-R + 4O
R-C=O
OH
2. (. )
OH O O
CH3I+KCN KI+CH3-C N CH3-C=NH CH3-C CH3-C
NH2 NH3 OH
-
C=O
O O O
H3I + Mg CH3-Mg CH3-C Mg(OH)I + CH3-C
OMg OH
H2=CH2 + C=O + HOH H3-CH2-C=O
H3PO4 OH
Cl OH O O
H3-C-Cl + HOH CH3-C-Cl CH3-C CH3-C
|
|
Cl Cl Cl OH
, -, , -.
-
H H + O
H-C-C C
H H O-H
, , + , , + -.
-, .
O O- O- O-1/2
R-C R-C R-C R-C
O- O O O-1/2