H-C
H3-C
H3-CH2-C
O
CH3-CH2-CH2-C
H
O
CH3-CH-C 2--1- (.)
CH3 H (.)
O
C4H9-C ( )
H
. .
. , .
IUPAC
, , .
O
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-C 3--1-
CH3 H
, ,
CH3 CH3 CH3
H3-C - CH-CH - CH-CH3 2,2,4,5--3-
O
CH3 C
H
| H3-C-CH3 O | 2- | |
| CH3-CH2-C-CH3 O | 2- | |
| CH3-CH2-CH2-C-CH3 O | 4- | |
| CH3-CH-C-CH3 O | 3--2- | |
| CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3 O | 3- |
(1) (2), (1) (3).
1. .
2. Ca- .
H3-C-O-Ca-O-C-CH3 
CaCO3 + CH3-C-CH3
O O O
CH3-C-O-Ca-O-C-CH3
O O
H-C-O-Ca-O-C-H 2CaCO3 + 2CH3-C-H
O O O
3. (. ).
4. (. ).
5. .
H
H2=CH2 + C=O + H2 
CH3-CH2-C
150-200 . O
[Co(CO)4]2
: 8 1s22s22p2x2py2pz
CH3 
+ -
C=O:
H..
=O 
- 
-. sp2-. , , 1200. , - , = . 
==2,5. = = (.. ).
- .
-
H H O
H
H H H
. 2-13 , . . , . . , . . V(CO) 1700 -1 =.
|
|
|
, =. .
- =.
I. .
.
1) HCN =N, (CuCN)
O - O- OH -
CH3-C + CN CH3-C-CN 
CH3-C-CN + CN
H H H
2)
CH3 O CH3 O
H-C-S-ONa 
H-C +:S-ONa
OH O: HO
-
-
. . .
H3CHOH-SO2ONa + HCl NaCl + H2O + SO2 + CH3-C-H
O
3)
-
+O.. OH
H-C + HOH 
H-C-OH
H OH
. :
O O O O
CCl3-C > H-C > R-C > R-C
H H H R
.
4)
-
+O.. OH OC2H5
H3-C + HOC2H5 CH3-C-OC2H5 
H2O + CH3-C-OC2H5
H H H
()
.
.
5) (. ).
6) .
)
-
+O H H
CH3-C + NH3 CH3-C- NH2 H2O + CH3-C
H OH NH
)
+.. NHOH
CH3-C=O + NH2OH CH3-C-OH H2O + CH3-C=N-OH
CH3 CH3 CH3
)
O
H3-C + NH2-NH2 H2O + CH3-CH=N-NH2 N2 + CH3-CH3
H
, .. , .
.
O
H3-C + NH2-NH-C6H5 H2O + CH3-CH=N-NH-C6H5
H
( )
5) PCl5 (. )
II.
1)
)
O
H-C
H
, .
|
|
|
O H H H
- 
--O-(C-O)x-2 C-O- CH2-O-(CH2-O)x-2-CH2
H H H OH OH
HOH
100
.
) . .
O
CH3-CH CH-CH3
3CH3-CH=O 
O O
CH3
CH3
4- . .
2) ( , )
)
O O CH2 O O
CH3-C + CH3-C 
CH3-C-CH2-C 
CH2-C=CH-C
H H H H H
) . , . , . .. .. .
H
6H2=O 
CH2-CH-CH-CH-CH-C=O
OH OH OH OH OH
.
O
H3-CH-C
CH3 H
, ( ).
CH3 O
H3-C-
CH3 H
( ).
) ( )
O O O
H3-C + CH3-C 
CH3-CH2-O-C-CH3
H H
, .. . (25)3Al ( Al ) .
- -
O + + O-Al(OC2H5)3 - H
CH3-C + Al(OC2H5)3 CH3-C + O=C-CH3
H
O-Al(OC2H5)3 O H
CH3-C-O-C-CH3 CH3-C-O-C-CH3 + Al(OC2H5)3
H H H
10
