| (, , ) | ࠠ қ (, , ) | ovalocytosis, stomatocytosis) |
| 蠠 , , - , | 𠠠 - ұққ , ң , ң -қ ғ ң, үң ң . | Enzymopathy hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by enzyme deficiencies |
| 蠠 - | 𠠠 - | Hemoglobinopathy hereditary |
| ұққ | hemolytic anemia caused by | |
| , | , ң | abnormal Hb structure due to |
| altered amino acid sequence in | ||
| 堠 | ққң | globin molecule, or altered |
| , | ң ұ | synthesis of globin chains. |
| ң | ||
| ұ . | ||
| , | ||
.:
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1. // . .., .., .. ., -. 2. 2013.- . 27-97
2. + . .. 4- . ., -. 2010.
. 309-324
3. .. 2010, 321-362-
4. V.Kumar, A. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Pathologic basis of disease/Elsevier.- 2015.- Ch.24
:
5. .. ʳ, 2004 .178-190.
6. // . . . - .: , 2007. -1275 .
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| 4 - 9 * 109/ | 0-0,08* 109/ | 0,1- 0,35* 109/ | - | - | 0,18-0,4* 109/ | 3-5,5* 109/ | 1,8-2,5 * 109/ | 0,2-0,6 * 109/ | |
| 0-1% | 1-5% | - | - | 3-5% | 51-67% | 21-35% | 4-8% | ||
|
| |||||||||
| 1. 15*109/ | - | 1% | - | 2% | 15% | 65% | 13% | 4% | |
| 2. 11*109/ | - | 16% | - | - | 2% | 56% | 21% | 5% | |
| 3. 7*109/ | 5% | 2% | - | - | 5% | 60% | 22% | 6% | |
| 4. 10*109/ | - | 2% | - | - | 3% | 45% | 46% | 4% | |
| 5. 9*109/ | - | 2% | - | - | 2% | 51% | 24% | 20% | |
| 6. 1*109/ | - | - | - | - | - | 30% | 61% | 9% | |
| 7. 16*109/ | - | 1% | 3% | 5% | 16% | 55% | 13% | 7% | |
| 8. 12*109/ | - | - | - | - | 6% | 60% | 25% | 9% | |
| 9. 3,4*109/ | - | 1% | - | - | 2% | 45% | 44% | 8% | |
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| 3 - 82/ - 3,1*1012/ - 0% - 10,6*109/ -1,5*109/ -78% -14% -8% | 4 - 64 / - 2,05*1012/ 84*109/ - 95,5% (?) - 4,5% - 0% - 0% |
| 5 - 18 / - 0,78*1012/ 288*109/ - 0% - 0% - 1% - 2% - 1% - 0% - 95% - 1% - - | 6 - 99 / - 3,8*1012/ - 2,8*109/ - 31% - 1% - 0% - 0% - 4% - 10% - 22% - 0% - 30% - 2% |
| 7 - 120 / - 4,25 *1012/ - 2,7 *109/ - 0% - 0% - 1,5% - 8,5% - 0,5% - 0% - 7% - 4,5% -78% | 8 -40 / -0,99 *1012/ -12,2 *109/ -9,3*109/ -0% -0% -2% -10% -0% -0% -62% -20% -6% |
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| 砠 | ү қ | Leukemias are malignant |
| ң қ | neoplasms of the | |
| қ ө | hematopoietic cells | |
| 젠 | қ ү ң ү | characterized by diffuse |
| . | replacement of the bone | |
| marrow by neoplastic cells. | ||
| () | Acute: replacement of the | |
| 젠 堠 | үң қ | marrow with very immature |
| 頠 | қࠠ қ | cells (blasts) |
| | ң | |
| үң | Chronic: replacement of the | |
| қ қ | marrow with well | |
| 頠 | ә | differentiated (mature) |
| ң | leukocytes | |
| 頠 | қ ү (үң) | hiatus leukemicus |
| (Hiatus leukemicus) - | қ ә堠 | absence of intermediate |
| 𠠠 қғ | forms of neutrophil | |
| қ | maturation in the presence of | |
| үң | blast cells and matured | |
| . | leukocytes |
| 9 22, abl-bcr | қ 9 - ң өң 22 ғ , abl-bcr . | Philadelphia chromosome - t(22; 9) activation of abl- bcr oncogen |
| 9*109/ | қң ө堠 ң 9*109/- қ ө. | Leukocytosis is an increase in circulating leukocytes above 9*109/L |
| 젠 , . ü ( 5%) ü ü 堠 ⠠ , , , - | ң қ ғ ң ө, ң ң қғ . ü қ қ ғ қ ң ө (5%- қ) ü қ қ ғࠠ қ ң ә ң ө ü қ қ ғ ң ң, ң, ң , ұ қ, ң- ң қ砠 ғ ө. | Shift- to- left is the term used for elevation in blood juvenile granulocytes band forms, metamyelocytes, myelocytes. It reflects activation of leucopoiesis. Types of shift-to left: ü Hyporegenerative shift to left (elevation band- forms) ü Regenerative shift to left (elevation of band forms and appearance of metamyelocytes) ü Hyperregenerative shift to left (band forms, Metamyelocytes, myelocytes, myeloblasts). Reflects unfavorable course of septic diseases |
| | ң қ ңғ ң қ ққ өө ң ә堠 қ ң . | Shift-to-right is appearance of hypersegmented granulocytes, absence of juvenile granulocytes, it reflects inhibition of leucopoiesis. |
| - | қң ө堠 ң 4*109/- . | Leukopenia - is a decrease in the peripheral white cell count (less than 4*109/L). |
| 4,0 * 109/ | ||
| - , ( 0,75- *109/) . | 砠 - қ ң (ң 0,75*109/) . ң 1,0*109/- . | Agranulocytosis - is severe neutropenia (less than 0,75 *109/L), when the total white cell count is reduced to 1,0x109/L. |
| ү | Leukemoid reaction - | |
| 堠 | ұқ | pathological reaction of the |
| , | үң ә | blood system, characterized |
| ғ,ү ғ | by changes in the peripheral | |
| 蠠 | ққ қ | blood similar to those in |
| 頠 | ө қ | leukemia and disappear after |
| үң қ ү. | the edema caused by their | |
| primary Processes | ||
| 堠 | ||
| ғ - | Acute undifferentiated | |
| қ үң | leukemia - morphological | |
| - | ࠠ II-III | substrate of tumor cells |
| | presented II-III classes in | |
| II-III | ғ ң | modern scheme of |
| қ құ. | hematopoiesis, which | |
| 堠 , | morphologically resemble | |
| 堠 | ғ ұқ, қ | lymphoblasts, but different |
| , | қ ғ | cytochemical intact |
| . | ||
| . |
.:
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1. : . / .. .. .. - .: -, 2.-2013. -. 63-97, 112-144
2. : / ..2010. . 318-341.
3. .. 2010, 365-372-
4. V.Kumar, A. Abbas, J. C. Aster. Pathologic basis of disease/Elsevier.- 2015.- Ch.13
1. . . . . . . : , , 2007. . 123-145; 247-253; 335-349
2. // . . . - .: , 2007. -1275 .
3. .. . . .: 2001.- 400 .
.
(, )
|
|
|
. / .. .. . -, 2007. - . 270-293
1.
., 14 , , , , . , . , , , . : 60 /; 2,7*1012/; 0%; 28*109; -1,5*109/; : -0%; - 0%; -15%; -0%; 0%;
82%; 3% - 45/
| 1 | 頠 , , , | , , 20 | , 15 | 10 | 0 |
| 2 | , , 20 | , , 15 | 10 | 0 | |
| 3 | , | , 30 | , 20 | , 15 | 0 |
| 4 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 0 | |
| 5 | 1. 2. , 3. 10 | 1. 2. , 8 | 1. 2. 3. 5 | 1. 2. , 3. 0 |
2
., 38 , , , , , , , , . :
70 /; 3,5* 1012/; 0,6 0,1%; 385*109/; - 4,0*109/ : -0%; -2%; - 65%
