-, Park - -
8 ! 945
, , , , . Park , , , Park , , Park , , , , , Sun Valley. Calgill Group, Park , .
, , ( ) . , 1992 . . , , .. , Park .
Park. . , . , , . . Park , - . , , Park , - .
|
|
Park . , ,
946
II.
. , , , . , , . , . .
Park 1998 . . , , , -". , 2000 , - Delhaize 15 , - . , Park m - , . Park -1 , , - , , tecTHWM . , *ark . - - , Delhaize GB, - (Delhaize) .
Park , - , , , , . - Park , , - , 4 Park . , , - Chicken Cordon Bleu. , - Park .
|
|
8. 947
, , Park , , , , , , Carrefour. . Park Voidj . Voldi z Park , , . Park, , . , 1989 . , Park , . - .
Park , , . , Park , , , - . Park . , Bourgoin Park ( , Park , ). Bourgoin , Park , Bourgoin . Bourgoin, Park , , . . Park Bourgoin ,
1990 . BMP. Park Bourgoin -
948
II.
, . , , , . Park 12 , , , , , . Park , , , - , (, Bird's eye).
|
|
1. Park. ?
2. Park ?
3. Park ?
4. Park ? ?
5. Park ?
6. Park ?
7. Park ?
8. Park?
8.5. Harley-Davidson
Hariey-Davioson , . , Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki Honda. 1985 . 28%, 72% . 1990 . , 66% , 34% .
8. 949
Harley , -.
. . 60% , . Harlcy 1020% , , . 1990 . 15 000 , , .
Harley . , . Harlcy , , . . 250 1053 . , , , , .
Harley-Davidson . Harley-Davidson , , . 80- . , - . , ;
|
|
1) ;
2) , ;
3) .
. - , , , . , ? , . 80- . - , . , Harley-Davidson.
/ - Harley :
950
.
. , -. , - . , , , . , .
. , , V-twin. . . , Harley . , , . Bloomingdaie.
- , , . , ] , , . , , -.
Harley - : 60% , , 45 000 . . . 1990 . 41 000 , 50% , 80- .. 1985 1989 . .
Harley ; , . Harley (HOG), , , , . HOG -, , .
, , Harley. -
. , , . -
8. 951
, Harley , 60% .
Harley . , , .
1. Harley.
2. Harley , . ?
|
|
3. Harley ?
4. Harley?
5. Harley?
6. Harley ?
7. Harley ?
8-6. IBM
IBM . 40 IBM 1985 ., , . 1991 . . 36% 80- \ 23%.
? . , . (, ) - , IBM.
, , IBM . , .. , :. IBM , , IBM.
!
952
1
, IBM , , Compaq, NEC Microsoft. 1986 . , IBM, , . , , . , , , . . , IBM Office Vision Systems . IBM .
1987 . , -, , ' . . IBM , . , , , : - . , . , IBM , , .. , , .
, IBM, . ( ) ; . , , IBM , .
1991 . , 1987 . , IBM , . ?
1991 . , , . , IBM Apple Computer Macintosh Apple IBM. , Apple IBM .
IBM , , , .. ,
8. 953
IBM , . , , . IBM , .
IBM , .
1. IBM 8090- .?
2. IBM ?
3. IBM ?
4. IBM?
8.7. McDonald's
90- . McDonald's . 3%, 7% , . ? .
, McDonald's , . , , , , . 80- . McDonald's - , . , , . , -. , , , .
^54 11.,
McDonald's, , *1. , 7,30 . 100 ., , . 1987 ., , . 1989 .; , , . , McDonald's 100 . ( 60 ., McDonald's ).
1990 ., McDonald's - , . 100%- , , . , 90- . McDonald's , .
McDonald*s , . 1990 . , , , , . 91 % , McLean Deluxe, McDonald's , .
? McDonald's . - , . . -, .
1991 . . , Advertising Age Gallup, no 67% , McDonald's , -