830
II.
Procter & Gamble , , .
1. Procter& Gamble , ?
2. Procter & Gamble ?
3. Procter & Gamble ?
4. ?
5. Procter & Gamble , ?
6. Procter & Gamble ?
2.
2.1, Mitsui * 2.2. Bata ltd * 2.3, Cola: Coke Pepsi 2.4, -
2.1. Mitsui
1989 . Mitsui (1 National Petrochemical Industries IRNA) - Iran-Japan Petrochemical, -;). 1971 . 1973 ., 1976 . 50% Mitsui , IRNA --. 5 * . 1 Mitsui 1,25 . .
, 1 197? . - , , -, . - 1980., - . , - , -
2. ࠠ 831
. Mitsui 60 . , . * Mitsui . 1983 . , 100 . , 1984 . . , , 4 . 500 . 1987 . , .
|
|
Mitsui, . . Mitsui , . Mitsui - .
. . , Mitsui . - , , ^ . , 99% . , , . : * .
Mitsui . , , , , 1987 . Mitsui
832
II,
, , , , , , , , , , . Mitsui , , , , , Mitsui , , Mitsui , , Mitsui 1989 .
|
|
1988 Mitsui - . , , , . , 35% . , .
Mitsui Hyonday Daewoo 1 .
Mitsui ; , , , Mitsui , ,
1. Mitsui, ?
2. Mitsui * 1987 ., ?
2 ࠠ 833
3. , Mitsui, 90- .? ?
4 Hyonday Daewoo, - Mitsui.
2.2. Bata Ltd
1990 . Bata Ltd , ( ). , Bata Ltd . 1939 , - . , , , 28 , , 20- .. . - 100 ,
. 300 , 3 ., 6000 125 , 115 . 85 000 90 - , . , , . .
|
|
, . , Bata Ltd.
90 100 , , , 100%, , , 60% , Bata Ltd 9,9%
27-210
S34
1
. , ,
. , ,
(economy of scale) , - ( , ) .
. , .
Bata Ltd , , . , , . , , Bata Ltd , . , , . , , , , . ,
Bata Ltd , , . , , 90 , 100 . , , . , , .
Bata Ltd - . , , , , . , . , . ,
|
|
2 ࠠ 835
, . . . , . , , . .
Bata Ltd , . { ) , , . , , 40 .
, . , , , , , . , . , , , , : . . , , .
, . , , , , .
Bata Ltd 1 . , , , . , , . - , . , -. Bata Ltd , ,
.
■
27"
836 II,
, . () , , . . , Bata Ltd . , , , .
. . . . .
80- . , , , , , . . , . . . 19801988 . 0,8%, 2,3% .
|
|
. , Apple Computer, Coca-Cola, Ford, International Harvester, General Motors, IBM, Honeywell Worner Communications, . 1984 . , 1985 . 40, 1986 , 50, I9S7 . 33. 1982 1986 . . , , , , - .
. ?
2. ࠠ 837
. 1986 . . , . , , , . Bata Ltd . , , . 80- . , Bata Ltd, , .
. , , . , , . , 100 . , 85 000 100 .
1. , , Bata Ltd ?
2. ? , , ?
3. , , .
4. , , , ?
5. , Bata Ltd .
6. Bata Ltd?
7. Bata Ltd: -? .
2.3. Cola: Coke Pepsi
100- , Pepsi . , 90- . , , , .
838
II.
, ( Pepsi 4: 3 4: I ), Coca-Cola . , 1985 . . Pepsi, , Coca-Cola . Pepsi Cola . . 87 , . Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Classic, Pepsi .
Pepsi . , , Coca-Cola Classic. New Coke , Coca-Cola ,
. 1990 . New Coke, , Coke-II , Pepsi, , Pepsi, . Cola Pepsi. Pepsi , Pepsijj Diet Coke. Coca-Cola , , , Pepsi, , . , : Coca-Cola Pepsi Coke-Il, Diet Coke, . Coca-Cola Pepsi : Cola , Coca-Cola 63% , , McDonald's Domino's Pizza, 25% Pepsi. 1990 . , Burger King Wendy Pepsi. -
Coca-Cola , : 1989 . 80% . , 10 . 1987 . .
Pepsi , , Coca-Cola Pepsi New Coke, Pepsi , Slice. , -
2 ࠠ 839
. Slice 1 ., , , Coca-Cola, .
Pepsi Coke-II. 1990 ., Pepsi . , - ; . 16 .
Pepsi Burger King Wendy . , , Howard Johnson Marriott, . Pepsi , 1 . , : , .
, , : ( Coca-Cola, Pepsi Burger King Wendy), , ( Pepsi ) ( Pepsi, Slice ). ■ , 100 , - .
1. Coca-Cola Pepsi ?
2. Pepsi Coca-Cola ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. Coca-Cola Pepsi ?
2.4. -
, - Weaver-Yamazaki Pharmaceutical , , - .
S40
.
, , . . 30- . Yamazaki Pharmaceutical . , Weaver 1948 . . , Weaver . 1953 . Yamazaki, ,