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. 3




 

. 100. () ( - , - , - ):

1 - Papillary region; 2 - Circular folds ( ..)

. 101. ( )

. 102. , ( - ,

- ) ():

1 - Duodenum, superior part, 2 - Duodenum, ampulla; duodenal cap; 3 - Pylorus; 4 - Pyloric part; 5 - Duodenum, descending part; 6 - Vertebral column; 7 - Duodenum, inferior part; horizontal part; transverse part; 8 - Inferior duodenal flexure

( .. .)

. 103. ( - , - , , - ):

1 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 2 - Caecum; 3 - Ileocaecal junction; 4 - Ascending colon; 5 - Duodenum; 6 - Duodenojejunal flexure; 7 - Jejunum; 8 - Descending colon; 9 - Ileum; 10 - Sigmoid colon; 11 - External submucous plexus; 12 - Submucosa; 13 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, circular layer; short pitch helicoidal layer; 14 - Myenteric plexus (Auerbach's); 15 - Serosa; Serous coat; 16 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, longitudinal layer; long pitch helicoidal layer; 17 - Vein; 18 - Artery; 19 - Nerve; 20 - Mesentery; 21 = 23 + 27 - Mucosa; Mucous membrane; 22 - Internal submucous (Meissner's) plexus; 23 - Muscularis mucosae; 24 - Solitary lymphoid nodule; 25 - Subserosa; Subserous layer; 26 = 15 + 25 - Visceral peritoneum; 27 - Intestinal

villi

. 104. :

1 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, longitudinal layer; long pitch helicoidal layer; 2 - Mesentery; 3 - Lymph nodes; 4 - Jejunal vein; 5 - Jejunal artery; 6 - Submucosa; 7 - Mucosa; Mucous membrane; 8 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, circular layer; short pitch helicoidal

 

layer

. 105. ( ):

1 - Circular folds; 2 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat; 3 - Subserosa; Subserous layer; 4 - Serosa; Serous coat

. 106. :

1 - Subserosa; Subserous layer; 2 - Circular folds; 3 - Solitary lymphoid nodules; 4 - Serosa; Serous coat

. 107. :

1 - Solitary lymphoid nodules; 2 - Circular folds; 3 - Aggregated lymphoid nodules; 4 - Mesentery

. 108. :

1 - Mesentery; 2 - Ileum; 3 - Mesodiverticulum; 4 - Ileal diverticulum

. 109. , ( ):

1 - Ileum; 2 - Inferior vena cava; 3 - Ascending colon; 4 - Inferior mesenteric artery; 5 - Superior mesenteric artery and vein; 6 - Ileocolic artery and vein; 7 - Duodenum, inferior part; horizontal part; transverse part; 8 - Right colic artery and vein; 9 - Neck of pancreas; 10 - Middle colic artery; 11 - Stomach; 12 - Jejunum; 13 - Transverse colon; 14 - Greater omentum

. 110. , , ( ):

1 - Jejunum; 2 - Greater omentum; 3 - Transverse colon; 4 - Spleen; 5 - Mesentery; 6 - Descending colon; 7 - Parietal peritoneum;

8 - Sigmoid colon; 9 - Caecum; 10 - Ileum

. 111. ( - , - ):

1 - Subserosa; Subserous layer; 2 - Serosa; Serous coat; 3 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, longitudinal layer; long pitch helicoidal layer; 4 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, circular layer; short pitch helicoidal layer; 5 - Submucosa; 6 - Muscularis mucosae; 7 - Intestinal glands; 8 - Lymphatic capillary; 9 - Proper lamina of mucosa; 10 - Epithelium mucosae; 11 = 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 - Mucosa; Mucous membrane; 12 - Intestinal

 

villi; 13 - Crypts

. 112. ( )

. 113. ( , - , - ) ():

1 - Lymphoid nodules; 2 - Lymphatic capillary; 3 - Epithelium mucosae;

4 - Unicellular glands (Calciforme cells);

5 - Rete of blood capillaries; 6 - Rete of lymphatic and blood vessels (internal

layer)

. 114. ( )

. 115.

: ()

( ..)

. 116. ()

( ..)

. 117. ( - , - , - (), - )

( .. , . )

. 118. :

1 - Peritoneum; 2 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 3 - Meso-appendix; 4 - Caecum; 5 - Ileum, terminal ileum; 6 - Ascending colon; 7 - Mesentery; 8 - Free taenia; 9 - Right colic flexure; Hepatic flexure; 10 - Greater omentum; 11 - Haustra of colon; 12 - Transverse colon; 13 - Transverse mesocolon; 14 - Omental taenia; 15 - Left colic flexure; Splenic flexure; 16 - Descending colon; 17 - Mesocolic taenia; 18 - Sigmoid mesocolon; 19 - Omental appendices; Fatty appendices of colon; 20 - Sigmoid colon; 21 - Rectum

. 119. :

1 - Right colic flexure; Hepatic flexure;

2 - Liver; 3 - Spleen; 4 - Left colic flex-

ure; Splenic flexure

. 120. ():

- ; - ; - -; W-

. 121. :

 

1 - Omental appendices; Fatty appendices of colon; 2 - Free taenia; 3 - Haustra of colon; 4 - Greater omentum; 5 - Semilunar folds of

colon; 6 - Omental taenia; 7 - Transverse mesocolon; 8 - Mesocolic taenia

. 122. , () ( - , - , , , ):

1 - Ileum; 2 - Caecum; 3 - Ascending colon; 4 - Right colic flexure; Hepatic flexure; 5 - Transverse colon; 6 - Haustra of colon; 7 - Rectum; 8 - Left colic flexure; Splenic flexure; 9 - Descending colon ( .. .)

. 123. , ():

1 - Rectum; 2 - Caecum; 3 - Ascending colon; 4 - Transverse colon; 5 - Right colic flexure; Hepatic flexure; 6 - Left colic flexure; Splenic

flexure; 7 - Descending colon; 8 - Sigmoid colon ( .. .)

. 124. ( - , - ):

1 - Subserosa; Subserous layer; 2 - Serosa; Serous coat (taenia coli); 3 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, longitudinal layer; 4 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, circular layer; 5 - Submucosa; 6 - Muscularis mucosae; 7 - Solitary lymphoid nodules; 8 - Proper lamina of mucosa; 9 - Epithelium mucosae; 10 - Intestinal glands; 11 = 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 - Mucosa; Mucous membrane

. 125. - ( ):

1 - Free taenia; 2 - Ileum, terminal ileum; 3 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 4 - Haustra of colon; 5 - Mesocolic taenia; 6 - Omental

taenia; 7 - Ascending colon; 8 - Caecum

. 126. - ( ):

1 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 2 - Orifice of vermiform appendix; 3 - Caecum; 4 - Ileocaecal lip; Inferior lip; 5 - Ileal papilla, frenulum of ileal orifice; 6 - Ileocolic lip; Superior lip; 7 - Ascending colon; 8 - Free taenia; 9 - Anterior caecal artery; 10 - Ileal orifice; Orifice of ileal papilla; 11 - Ileum, terminal ileum; 12 - Meso-appendix; 13 - Appendicular artery

 

. 127. - , :

1 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 2 - Meso-appendix; 3 - Haustra of colon; 4 - Orifice of vermiform appendix; 5 - Frenulum of ileal orifice; 6 - Iliac-cecal valve (superior and inferior lips); 7 - Semilunar folds of colon; 8 - Ileum

. 128. :

1 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 2 - Caecum; 3 - Ileocaecal lip; Inferior lip; 4 - Ileal orifice; Orifice of ileal papilla; 5 - Ileal papilla, frenulum of ileal orifice; 6 - Ileocolic lip; Superior lip; 7 = 3 + 4 + 5 +6 - Iliocaecal valve; 8 - Haustra of colon; 9 - Semilunar fold of colon; 10 - Mesocolic taenia; 11 - Ascending colon; 12 - Ileum; 13 - Peritoneum; 14 - Meso-appendix

. 129. ( ):

1 - , ; 2 = 6 - ; 3 = 22 - , ; 4 = 8 - , ; 5 - ; 7 - ; 9 - ; 10 - ; 11 - ( - ); 12 - ; 13 - ; 14 - , ; 15 - ; 16 - ; 17 - ; 18 - (); 19 - ; ; 20 - , ; 21 - , ; 23 - ;

24 -

 

. 130. :

1 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 2 - Caecum; 3 - Anterior superior iliac spine; 4 - Ileum; 5 - Ascending colon; 6 - Umbilical ring

. 131. :

1 - Ovary; 2 - Ampulla; 3 - Caecum; 4 - Ascending colon; 5 - Head of pancreas; 6 - Duodenum, descending part; 7 - Gallbladder; 8 - Right lobe ofliver; 9 - Spleen; 10 - Stomach; 11 - Greater omentum; 12 - Transverse colon; 13 - Duodenum, ascending part; 14 - Root of mesentery; 15 - Descending colon; 16 - Ileum; 17 - Sigmoid colon; 18 - Uterus; 19 - Urinary bladder

. 132.

. 133. :

1 - Anterior superior iliac spine; 2 - Umbilical region; 3 - Vertebra [LIV]

. 134. :

1 - Caecum; 2 - Ascending colon; 3 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, free taenia; 4 - Ileum; 5 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix

. 135. ( )

. 136. ()

. 137. ()

.138. :

1 - Urinary bladder; 2 - Appendix; Vermiform appendix; 3 - Caecal fossa; 4 - Meso-appendix; 5 - Retrocaecal recess; 6 - Caecum; 7 - Caecum fold; 8 - Ileocaecal fold; 9 - Ascending colon; 10 - Ileum; 11 - Root of mesentery; 12 - Sigmoid colon; 13 - Descending colon; 14 - Sigmoid mesocolon; 15 - Intersigmoid recess; 16 - External iliac vessels; 17 - Parietal peritoneum; 18 - Ureter; 19 - Postvesical

fold; 20 - Rectum

. 139. , :

 

1 - Left colic flexure; Splenic flexure; 2 - Transverse colon; 3 - Ascending colon; 4 - Descending colon; 5 - Caecum; 6 - Sigmoid colon; 7 - Rectum; 8 - Anal canal

. 140. ( - , - ,

):

1 - Anal canal; 2 - Internal anal sphincter; 3 - External anal sphincter; 4 - Levator ani; 5 - Obturator internus; 6 - Parietal peritoneum; 7 - Ureter; 8 - Rectum; 9 - External iliac vein; 10 - External iliac artery; 11 - Sigmoid mesocolon; 12 - Free taenia; 13 - Sigmoid colon; 14 - Recto-uterine fold; 15 - Transverse fold of rectum; 16 - Pudendal nerve; 17 - Internal pudendal artery; 18 - Internal pudendal vein; 19 - Dorsal nerve of clitoris; 20 - Ischio-anal fossa; 21 - Anocutaneous line; 22 - Serrate line; 23 - Anorectal junction; 24 - Rectal ampulla; 25 - Anal columns; 26 - Anal pecten; 27 - Cutaneous zone; 28 - Preanal skin

. 141. ( ):

I - Anocutaneous line; 2 - Anal pecten; 3 - Skin; 4 - Anal columns; 5 - Anal sinuses; 6 - Anorectal junction; 7 - Rectal ampulla; 8 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat, longitudinal layer: 9 - Transverse folds of rectum; 10 - Solitary lymphoid nodules;

II - Levator ani; 12 - Internal anal sphincter; 13 - External

anal sphincter; 14 - Anal valves

. 142. ( )

. 143. :

1 - Skin; 2 - Levator ani; 3 - Muscular layer; Muscular coat; 4 - Rectal ampulla; 5 - External anal sphincter

. 144. , ():

1 - Pubis; 2 - Coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae CoI - CoIV]; 3 - Pubococcygeus; 4 - Anorectal flexure; Perineal flexure; 5 - Puborectalis

. 145. ()

 

. 146. (, - , , - - )

( ..)

. 147. ( - , - , - ; - - , - , - )

( ..)

. 148. ( - , - , - , - , - , -

)

( ..)

. 149. :

1 - Liver, right lobe of liver; 2 - Diaphragm; 3 - Rib [V]; 4 - Liver, left lobe of liver; 5 - Round ligament of liver; 6 - Gallbladder

. 150. ( - , - , - , - )

. 151. ( - , - ):

1 - Fundus of gallbladder; 2 - Right lobe of liver, diaphragmatic surface; 3 - Bare area; 4 - Right triangular ligament; 5 - Coronary ligament; 6 - Fibrous appendix of liver; 7 - Left triangular ligament; 8 - Left lobe of liver, diaphragmatic surface; 9 - Falciform ligament; 10 - Round ligament of liver; 11 - Inferior border; 12 - Hepatic artery proper, right branch; 13 - Cystic duct; 14 - Bile duct; 15 - Hepatic artery proper; 16 - Hepatic artery proper, left branch; 17 - Hepatic portal vein; 18 - Left lobe of liver, visceral surface; 19 - Ligamentum venosum; 20 - Intermediate and left hepatic veins; 21 - Caudate lobe; 22 - Groove for vena cava; 23 - Right hepatic vein; 24 - Caudate process; 25 - Right lobe of liver, visceral surface; 26 - Right hepatic duct; 27 - Cystic artery; 28 - Gallbladder; 29 - Quadrate lobe

 

. 152. , ( - , - )::

1 - Cystic duct; 2 - Quadrate lobe; 3 - Round ligament of liver; 4 - Bile duct; 5 - Hepatic artery proper; 6 - Left hepatic duct; 7 - Left lobe of liver, visceral surface; 8 - Gastric impression; 9 - Caudate lobe; 10 - Fibrous appendix of liver; 11 - Inferior vena cava; 12 - Ligamentum of inferior vena cava; 13 - Bare area; 14 - Coronary ligament; 15 - Caudate process; 16 - Right lobe of liver, visceral surface; 17 - Renal impression; 18 - Hepatic portal vein; 19 - Right hepatic duct; 20 - Colic impression; 21 - Gallbladder; 22 - Fossa for gallbladder; 23 - Visceral peritoneum; 24 - Notch for ligamentum teres; 25 - Duodenal impression; 26 - Fissure for ligamentum teres; Fissure for round ligament; 27 - Left lobe of liver; 28 - Papillary process; 29 - Omental tuberosity; 30 - Oesophageal impression; 31 - Fissure for ligamentum venosum; 32 - Hepatic veins; 33 - Groove for vena cava; 34 - Suprarenal impression; 35 - Hepatorenal ligament; 36 - Right triangular ligament;

37 - Porta hepatis; 38 - Right lobe of liver

. 153. , , :

1 - Oesophagus; 2 - Right suprarenal gland; Right adrenal gland; 3 - Inferior vena cava; 4 - Right kidney; 5 - Transverse colon; 6 - Gallbladder; 7 - Duodenum; 8 - Stomach

. 154. :

1 - Superior mesenteric vein; 2 - Pancreatic duct; 3 - Duodenum; 4 - Bile duct; 5 - Hepatic portal vein; 6 - Common hepatic duct; 7 - Cystic duct; 8 - Hepatic artery proper, right branch; 9 - Hepatic portal vein, right branch; 10 - Segmental vein VII; 11 - Right hepatic duct; 12 - Segmental artery VII; 13 - Segmental vein VI; 14 - Segmental artery VI; 15 - Segmental vein V; 16 - Segmental artery V; 17 - Gallbladder; 18 - Cystic artery; 19 - Segmental vein IV; 20 - Segmental artery IV; 21 - Segmental vein III; 22 - Segmental artery III; 23 - Segmental vein II; 24 - Hepatic portal vein, left branch; 25 - Segmental artery II; 26 - Left hepatic duct; 27 - Hepatic artery proper, left branch; 28 - Common hepatic artery; 29 - Segmental vein I; 30 - Artery of caudate lobe; 31 - Hepatic artery proper; 32 - Right gastric

 

artery

. 155. , ( ):

1 - Fundus of gallbladder; 2 - Inferior vena cava; 3 - Round ligament of liver; 4 - Quadrate lobe; 5 - Bile duct; 6 - Hepatic portal vein: 7 - Hepatic artery proper; 8 = 5 + 6 + 7 - Porta hepatis; 9 - Left triangular ligament; 10 - Left lobe of liver; 11 - Ligamentum venosum;

12 - Caudate lobe; 13 - Bare area; 14 - Peritoneum

. 156. ( ):

1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - : 8 - ; 9 - ; 10 - ; 11 - ; 12 - ; 13 - ; 14 - ; 15 - ; 16 - ; 17 - , ( .. )

. 157. , 2- (- ):

1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 - ; 8 - ( .. )

. 158. , - ( - , - , , - ,

, , - , ) ( .. )

. 159. () () :

1 - Anterior lateral segment; Segment [VI]; 2 - Posterior lateral segment; Segment [VII]; 3 - Posterior medial segment; Segment [VIII]; 4 - Left posterior lateral segment; Segment [II]; 5 - Left anterior lateral segment; Segment [III]; 6 - Left medial segment; Segment [IV], superior part; 7 - Left medial segment; Segment [IV], inferior part; 8 - Anterior medial segment; Segment [V]; 9 - Left caudate lobe; 10 - Right caudate lobe; 11 - Caudate process; 12 - Posterior segment; Caudate lobe; Segment [I]

 

8.

. 160.

. 161. :

1 - Segmental artery and vein; 2 - Hepatic portal vein; 3 - Hepatic artery; 4 - Interlobular artery and vein; 5 - Perilobular artery and veins; 6 - Intralobular gemokapillyary (sinusoidal capillaries); 7 - Central vein; 8 - Lobule of liver; 9 - Sublobular vein; 10 - Hepatic vein

( .. .)

. 162. (). . ,

( .. , . )

. 163. (). , - ()

( .. , . )

. 164. ()

. . , , , , , , .

, , , . 164 ; ̻ , ("missing"). ( ) , , (̻). , .





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