- , . - :
1) , ;
2) - - . , . , , .
1) - - , , . , , .
:
1. .
KMnO4 + HCl → KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
2. , .
KMn+7O4 + HCl-1 → KCl + Mn+2Cl2 + Cl20 + H2O
3. , , .
Mn+7 + 5ē = Mn+2
2Cl-1 - 2ē = Cl20
4. , , , .
Mn+7 + 5ē = Mn+2 2
2Cl-1 - 2ē = Cl20 5
2Mn+7 + 10Cl-1 = 2Mn+2 + 5Cl20
5. . 10 HCl , 6 - ( ).
2KMn+7O4 + 16HCl-1 = 2KCl + 2Mn+2Cl2 + 5Cl20 + 8H2O
2) - .
1. .
K2SO3 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O
2. , ( ) . , .. . ( Cr2O72− Cr3+). - +/2 ( ) −/2 ( ). ( − ) - ( ), , , , − , ( ) - ( ):
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[O2−] + 2H+ = H2O : Cr2O72− + 14H+ = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
[O2−] + H2 = 2 − : MnO4- +2H2O = MnO2 + 4H-
( − ) ( ) - ( ):
H2O = [O2−] + 2H+ : SO32- + H2O = SO42- + 2H+
2 −= [O2−] + H2 : SO32− + 2OH− = SO42− + H2O
MnO4- + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O
SO32- + H2O → SO42- + 2H+
3. , .
+7, +2, :
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5ē → Mn2+ + 4H2O
-2, 0, :
SO32- + H2O 2ē → SO42- + 2H+
, - :
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5ē = Mn2+ + 4H2O
SO32- + H2O 2ē = SO42- + 2H+
4. , (2∙5 = 10).
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5ē = Mn2+ + 4H2O 2
SO32- + H2O 2ē = SO42- + 2H+ 5
5. (2,5) .
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5ē = Mn2+ + 4H2O 2
SO32- + H2O 2ē = SO42- + 2H+ 5
2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5SO32- + 5H2O = 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5SO42- + 10H+
, () , :
2MnO4- + 6H+ + 5SO32- = 2Mn2+ + 3H2O + 5SO42-
:
5K2SO3 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 = 6K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O
(, ), . + , - - . - ( -) ( ) - ( ). , , - - :
MnO4- + 4H2O + 5ē = Mn2+ + 8H-.
: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5ē = Mn2+ + 4H2O
. . - , . , , , .
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- , .
. . , .
. . . , , . - ,
, : , , , . . , .
- - , , , .
, , , . ΗCH22, (IV), , , :
KMnO4 + C2H4 + 2 → C2H6O2 + MnO2 + KOH
:
MnO4- +2H2O + 3 = MnO2 + 4H- 2
24 + 2- - 2 = C2H6O2 3
, -.
:
2KMnO4 + 3C2H4 + 42 → 3C2H6O2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
- +1, -2, , (). , , :
4 ∙ (+1) + 2 ∙ = 0,
(-4), () (-2).
C2H6O2 ():
2 ∙ + 2 ∙ (-2) + 6 ∙ (+1) = 0, = -1
, , (36) -4/3. . -4.