621. - : ( 220). , - .
622. () () : pH = -lg[H+], pOH = -lg[OH-].
[H+] | <10-7 | =10-7 | >10-7 |
<7 | =7 | >7 | |
>7 | =7 | <7 |
623. = -lg[H+], = 14 .
[H+] | 10-4 | 10-11 | 4*10-6 | 1.78*10-7 | 4.92*10-3 |
p | 5.4 | 6.7 | 2.3 | ||
pOH | 8.6 | 7.3 | 11.7 |
624. = 14 . = -lg[H+], [H+]*[OH-] = 10-14
p | 3.2 | 5.8 | 9.1 | 11.4 |
[H+] | 6.3*10-4 | 1.6*10-6 | 7.9*10-10 | 4.0*10-12 |
[OH-] | 1.6*10-11 | 6.3*10-9 | 1.3*10-5 | 2.5*10-3 |
625.
: m(NaIOH) = 2 . V()= 1. pH, pOH -? | (NaOH) = m/(M*V) = 2/(40*1) = 0.05 / = -lg[OH-] = -lg0.05 = 1.3 pH = 14 pOH = 14 1.3 = 12.7 |
626. (a) 82 %, [H+] = a*C = 0.82*1 = 0.82 /. = -lg[H+] = -lg[0.82] = 0.086. = 14 = 13.914.
627. 3 = 3 - + + . = 1.754*10-5 , (3) = 0.1 /, [H+] = [CH3COO-] = , , 2 = 1.754*10-6 , = [H+] = 1.32*10-3 /.
= -lg[H+], pH = -lg1.32*10-3 = 2.9, pOH = 14 pH = 14 2.9 = 11.1
628.
: V(NH3) = 2.24 V(H2O) = 1 . pH, pOH -? | n(NH3) = V/V = 2.24/22.4 = 0.1 , , (NH3) = n/V = 0.1/1 = 0.1 /. - : =0.013. [OH-] = a* = 0.013*0.1 = 1.33*10-3 /. = -lg[OH-] = 2.9, pH = 14 pOH = 11.1 |
629.
: V(HNO3) = 1 C(HNO3) = 1 m(NaOH) = 38 . H -? | HNO3 + NaOH = NaNO3 + H2O : n(NaOH) = m/M =38/40 = 0.95 . n(HNO3) = C*V = 1 . 1 0.95 = 0.05 , .. [H+] = 0.05 . pH = -lg[H+] = 1.3 |
630.
H, | |||
6,0-7,0 | |||
8,0-10,0 | |||
3,1-4,4 |
631. , , . , , . : Ag3PO4 = 3Ag+ + PO4 -3,
S 3*3.8*10-5 3.8*10-5, n(AgNO3) = m/M = 6.5*10-3 / 170 = 3.8*10-5 /.
S3 (Ag+)*S (PO4-3) = 1.3*10 20 .
632. , , . , , . PbI2 = Pb 2+ + 2I -,
|
|
S 6,5*10-4 2*6,5*10-4,
S(Pb2+)*S2(I-) = 8,45*10-7
633. Ag2CO3 = 2Ag+ + CO32-
(Ag2CO3) = 6.15*10-12. (Ag2CO3) = [Ag+]2*[CO32-] = (2S)2*S = 4S3. S - . = 1.15*10-4 /. , 100 . 1.15*10-4 , , 100 S = 1.15*10-4*(Ag2CO3)/10 = 1.15*10-4*276/10 = 0.003 /100.
634. Zn(OH)2 = Zn2+ + 2OH-
(Zn(OH)2) = 4.0*10-16. (Zn(OH)2) = [Zn2+]*[OH-]2 = S*(2S)2 = 4S3. S - . = 4.64*10-6 /. [Zn2+] = S = 4.64*10-6 /, [OH-]= 2S = 2*4.64*10-6 = 9.28*10-6 /.
635.
: (FeS) = 3.7*10-19 m(FeS) = 1. V(H2O) =? | (S) : (FeS) = [Fe2+]*[S2-] = S2, , S = = 6.08*10-10 /, .. 6.08*10-10 FeS. n(FeS) = m/M = 1/88 = 0.011 . V(H2O) = n/S = 0.011/6.08*10-10 = 1.7*107 |
636.
: (AgBr)=6.3*10-13 m(AgBr) = 1. V(H2O) =? | (S) : (AgBr) = [Ag+]*[Br -] = S2, , S = = 7.94*10-7 /, .. 7.94*10-7 AgBr. n(AgBr) = m/M = 1/188 =5.3*10-3 . V(H2O) = n/S = 5.3*10-3 / 7.94*10-7 = 6.7*103 |
637.
: (MgS) = 2*10-15 C(Mg(NO3)2) = 4*10-3 C(Na2S) = 6*10-4 | = [Mg2+]*[S2-] : [Mg2+] = ½C(Mg(NO3)2) = 1/4C(Mg(NO3)2) = 1/4*0.0004 = 0.0001 / [S2-] = 1/2C(Na2S) = 1/4C(Na2S) = 1/4*6*10-4 = 1.5 *10-4 / [Mg2+]*[S2-] = 0.0001*0.00015 = 1.5*10-8 < , , . |
638.
: C(Cd(NO3)2) = 10-3 C(Na2CO3) = 0.1 (CdCO3) = 2.5*10-14 | = [Cd2+]*[CO32-] : [Cd2+] = C(Cd(NO3)2) = ½*0.001 = 0.0005 / [CO32-] = C(Na2CO3) = ½*0.1 = 0.05 / [Cd2+]*[CO32-] = 0.0005*0.05 = 2.5*10-5 >> , , . |
639.
: (BaCO3) = 7*10-9 (PbCO3) = 1.5*10-13 [Ba2+] / [Pb2+] =? | XCO3 = X2+ + CO32-, = [X2+]*[CO32-] ; , [CO32-]1 = [CO32-]2 [Ba2+]/[Pb2+] = (BaCO3)/(PbCO3) = 7*10-9/1.5*10-13 = 4.6*104 |
640.
: (BaCrO4) = 2.3*10-10 (SrCrO4) = 3.6*10-5 [Ba2+] = 5*10-4 / [Sr2+] = 5*10-1 / | XCO3 = X2+ + CO32- = [X2+]*[CrO42-], [CrO42-] = /[X2+] CrO42-- , : ) [CrO42-] = (BaCrO4)/[Ba2+] = 2.3*10-10/5*10-4 = 4.6*10-7 / ) [CrO42-] = (SrCrO4)/[Sr2+] = 3.6*10-5/5*10-1 = 7.2*10-5 / SrCrO4 CrO42-, |
641.
) Na2S + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2S S2- + 2H+ = H2S | ) Sn(OH)4 + 2H2SO4 = Sn(SO4)2 + 4H2O Sn(OH)4 + 4H+ = Sn2+ + 4H2O |
) Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaI = PbI2 + 2NaNO3 Pb2+ + 2I- = PbI2 | ) Sn(OH)4 + 2KOH = K2[Sn(OH)6] Sn(OH)4 + 2OH- = [Sn(OH)6]2- |
642.
|
|
) Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl = BaCl2 + 2H2O 2OH- + 2H+ = 2H2O | ) Al(OH)3 + 3HNO3 = Al(NO3)3 + 3 H2O 3OH- + 3H+ = 3H2O |
)NaHSO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O HSO4- + 2OH- = SO42- + H2O | ) Al(OH)3 + 3KOH = K3[Al(OH)6] Al(OH)3 + 3OH- = [Al(OH)6]3- |
643.
a) CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Ca2+ + 2H+ = H2O + CO2 | ) Na2S + FeSO4 = FeS + Na2SO4 S2- + Fe2+ = FeS |
B) Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH = Na2[Zn(OH)4] Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- = [Zn(OH)4]2- | ) Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + 2H2O 2OH- + 2H+ = 2H2O |
644.
Hg2+ + S2- = HgS | CO32- + 2H+ = H2O + CO2 |
HgCl2 + K2S = HgS + 2KCl Hg(NO3)2 + H2S = HgS + 2HNO3 | Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 (NH4)2CO3 + 2HNO3 = 2NH4NO3 + H2O + CO2 |
645.
Ca2+ + SiO32- = CaSiO3 | Al(OH)3 + 3OH- = [Al(OH)6]3- |
CaCl2 + Na2SiO3 = CaSiO3 + 2NaCl Ca(NO3)2 + K2SiO3 = CaSiO3 + 2KNO3 | Al(OH)3 + 3NaOH = Na3[Al(OH)6] Al(OH)3 + 3KOH = K3[Al(OH)6] |
646.
2NO2- + 2H+ = NO + NO2 + H2O | Ag+ + Br- = AgBr |
2KNO2 + 2HCl = NO + NO2 + 2KCl + H2O 2NH4NO2 + 2HCN = NO + NO2 + 2NH4Cl + H2O | AgNO3 + KBr = AgBr + KNO3 AgNO3 + NaBr = AgBr + NaNO3 |
647. , .. , ,
) 2AgCl + Na2CrO4 = Ag2CrO4 + 2NaCl, (Ag2CrO4) = 1.1*10-12< (AgCl) = 1.73*10-10, Ag2CrO4 |
) H2S + 2KNO2 = 2HNO2 + K2S, (HNO2) = 6.9*10-4> (H2S) = 1.0*10-7, . |
) [HgBr4]2- + 4Cl- = [HgCl4]2- + 4Br -, ([HgCl4]2 -)=8.5*10-16 > ([[HgBr4] ]2-) = 2.0*10-22, [HgBr4]2- |
648. , .. , ,
) Ba3(PO4)2 + 3Na2SO4 = BaSO4 + 2Na3PO4, (Ba3(PO4)2) = 6*10-39 < (BaSO4) = 1.1*10-10, . |
) NH4OH + HCl = NH4Cl + H2O, (NH4OH) = 7.5*10-14 > (H2O) = 1*10-14, . |
) [Cu(Cl)4]2- + 4CN- = [Cu(CN)4]2- + 4Cl- ([Cu(Cl)4]2-)=6.3*10-6> ([Cu(CN)4]2-) = 5*10-28, [Cu(Cl)4]2- |
649. , .. , ,
) Cd(OH)2 + Na2CO3 = CdCO3 + 2NaOH (Cd(OH)2) = 2.2*10-14 < (CdCO3) = 1.0*10-12, |
) CH3COOH + NaCN = CH3COONa + HCN (CH3COOH) = 1.74*10-5 > (HCN) = 5*10-10, HCN |
) [Zn(OH)4]2- + 4CN- = [Zn(CN)4]2- + 4OH- ([Zn(OH)4]2-) = 3.6*10-16 > ([Zn(CN)4]2-)=1.3*10-17, [Zn(CN)4]2- |
650. , .. , ,
) CaSO4 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3 + Na2SO4 (CaSO4) = 2.5*10-5 > (CaCO3) = 3.8*10-9, |
) Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl = FeCl3 + 3NH4OH (Fe(OH)3) = 6.3*10-29 < (NH4OH) = 1.8*10-5, |
) [Ni(NH3)4]2+ + 4CN- = [Ni(CN)4]2- + 4NH3 ([Ni(NH3)4]2+) = 1.12*10-8 < ([Ni(CN)4]2-) = 1.8*10-14, [Ni(CN)4]2- |
4.5.
651. , , .. , . : (Cu(NO3)2, AlCl3), (K2CO3, Na2SO3), (Al2S3, Ni(CN)2). , - , .. .
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652. , , .. , . .
KNO2 + H2O = HNO2 + KOH NO2- + H2O = HNO2 + OH- | , |
CuCl2 + H2O = CuOHCl + HCl Cu2+ + H2O = CuOH+ + H+ | , |
Na3AsO4 + H2O = Na2HAsO4 + NaOH AsO4-3 + H2O = HAsO4-2 + OH- | , |
Al2S3 + 6H2O = 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S 2Al3+ + 3S2- + 6H2O = 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S | , |
653. , , .. , .
K2CO3 + H2O = KHCO3 + KOH CO32- + H2O = HNO2 + OH- | , |
NaAlO2 + H2O = NaOH + Al(OH)3 AlO2- + H2O = HAlO2 + OH- | , |
(NH4)2SO4 + H2O = 2NH4OH + H2SO4 NH4+ + H2O = NH4OH + H+ | , |
Cr2S3 + 6H2O = 2Cr(OH)3 + 3H2S 2Cr3+ + 3S2- + 6H2O = 2Cr(OH)3 + 3H2S | , |
654. , , .. , .
NH4CN + H2O = HCN + NH4OH NH4+ + CN - + H2O = HCN + NH4OH | , |
K3PO4 + H2O = K2HPO4 + KOH PO4-3 + H2O = HPO4-2 + OH- | , |
Pb(NO3)2 + H2O = Pb(OH)NO3 + HNO3 Pb+2 + H2O = PbOH+ + H+ | , |
Fe2S3 + 6H2O = 2Cr(OH)3 + 3H2S 2Fe + + 3S2- + 6H2O = 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2S | , |
655. , , .. , .
NH4NO3 + H2O = NH4OH + HNO3 NH4+ + H2O = NH4OH + H+ | , |
Na2S + H2O = NaOH + H2S S-2 + H2O = H2S + OH- | , |
FeCl3 + H2O = Fe(OH)Cl2 + HCl Fe+2 + H2O = FeOH+ + H+ | , |
Al2(CO3)3 +6H2O = 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2CO3 2Al3++3CO32+6H2O=2Al(OH)3+3H2CO3 | , |
656. , , .. , .
CH3COOK + H2O = CH3COOH + KOH CH3COO - + H2O = CH3COOH + OH - | , |
Ba(CN)2 + 2H2O = Ba(OH)2+ 2HCN 2CN - + 2H2O = 2HCN + 2OH- | , |
2ZnSO4 + 2H2O = (ZnOH)2SO4 + H2SO4 2Zn+2 + 2H2O = 2ZnOH+ + 2H+ | , |
Al(NO2)3 +6H2O = Al(OH)3 + 3HNO2 Al3++3NO2-+6H2O=Al(OH)3+ 3HNO2 | , |
657. , , , .. , . , . ) KF KNO2 , .. HF (6.2*10-4) HNO2 (6.9*10-4). ) CH3COONH4 , .. (CH3COO NH4) , CH3COON , .. .
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KNO2 + H2O = KOH + HNO2 NO2- + H2O = HNO2 + OH- | KF + H2O = KOH + HF F- + H2O = HF + OH- |
CH3COONa + H2O = CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COO- + H2O = CH3COOH + OH- | CH3COONH4 + H2O = CH3COOH + NH4OH - CH3COONH4 + H2O = CH3COOH + NH4OH- |
658. , , , .. , . , . ) KCN KClO , .. HCN (5*10-10) HClO (3*10-8). ) BeCl2 , MgCl2 .. Be(OH)2 , Mg(OH)2
KCN + H2O = KOH + HCN CN- + H2O = HCN + OH- | KClO + H2O = KOH + HClO ClO- + H2O = HClO + OH- |
MgCl2 + H2O = Mg(OH)Cl + HCl Mg2+ + H2O = MgOH+ + H+ | BeCl2 + H2O = Be(OH)Cl + HCl Be2+ + H2O = BeOH+ + H+ |
659. , , , .. . , . , . .. , , . ) FeCl3, FeCl2 .. . ) Na2CO3 , Na2SiO3, .. SiO32- , CO32-.
FeCl2 + H2O = Fe(OH)Cl + HCl Fe2+ + H2O = FeOH+ + H+ | FeCl3 + H2O = Fe(OH)Cl2 + HCl Fe3+ + H2O = FeOH+2 + H+ |
Na2O3 + H2O = NaHCO3 + NaOH CO32- + H2O = HCO3- + OH- c | Na2SiO3 + H2O = NaHSiO3 + NaOH SiO32- + H2O = HSiO3- + OH- c |
660. , , .. . , . , . .. .
KNO2 + H2O = KOH + HNO2 NO2- + H2O = HNO2 + OH- | , |
Na2O3 + H2O = NaHCO3 + NaOH CO32- + H2O = HCO3- + OH- | , |
Fe(NO3)3 + H2O = Fe(OH)(NO3)2 + HNO3 Fe3+ + H2O = FeOH2+ + H+ | , |
661. , . (). , , , .. , , 34: 1>Ka2>Ka3. FeCl2 + H2O = FeOHCl + HCl (1), FeOHCl + H2O = Fe(OH)2 + HCl
Na3PO4 + H2O = Na2HPO4 + NaOH (1)
Na2HPO4 + H2O = NaH2PO4 + NaOH (2)
NaH2PO4 + H2O = H3PO4 + NaOH (3)
662. , . .
: K2S + H2O = KHS + KOH, KHS + H2O = H2S + KOH
: AlCl3 + H2O = Al(OH)Cl2 + HCl, Al(OH)Cl2 + H2O = Al(OH)2Cl + HCl, Al(OH)2Cl + H2O = Al(OH)3 + HCl
663. , .. . , , . .
NH4NO3 + H2O = NH4OH + HNO3 | = |
KNO2 + H2O = KOH + HNO2 | = |
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664.
KClO + H2O = KOH + HClO ClO- + H2O = HClO + OH- | = |
K2S + H2O = KHS + KOH S2- + H2O = HS- + OH- | = |
AlCl3 + H2O = HCl + AlOHCl2 Al3+ + H2O = AlOH2+ + H+ | = |
665. . . . -. , , . , , .
666. , .
NaNO2 | NO2 6.9*10-4 | NaNO2 + H2O = NaOH + HNO2 NO2- + H2O = HNO2 + OH- | |
NaCN | HCN 5.0*10-10 | NaCN + H2O = NaOH + HCN CN- + H2O = HCN + OH- | |
NaClO | HClO 3*10-8 | NaClO + H2O = NaOH + HClO ClO- + H2O = HClO + OH- | |
NaClO2 | HClO2 1.1*10-2 | NaClO2 + H2O = NaOH + HClO2 ClO2- + H2O = HClO2 + OH- |
667. . : SbCl3 + 3H2O = Sb(OH)3 + 3HCl, Bi(NO3)3 + 3H2O = Bi(OH)3 + 3HNO3.
668. . : CH3COONa + H2O = CH3COOH + NaOH. - , . : .
669. . , , : FeCl3 + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl
670. , . : FeCl3 + H2O = FeOHl2 + HCl, +. : NaClO2 + H2O = NaOH + HClO2, - .
671. , . , , SbCl3 + 3H2O = Sb(OH)3 + 3HCl, Bi(NO3)3 + 3H2O = Bi(OH)3 + 3HNO3.
672. . , , NaAlO2 + 2H2O = NaOH + Al(OH)3.
673. , .. , :
Na2S + H2O = NaHS + NaOH S2- + H2O = HS- + OH- |
Cr2(SO4)3 + 2H2O = 2CrOHSO4 + H2SO4 Cr3+ + H2O = CrOH2+ + H+ |
H+ + OH- = H2O |
3Na2S + Cr2(SO4)3 + 6H2O = 3Na2SO4 + 2Cr(OH)3 + 3H2S |
674. , , . , , :
) Al(NO3)3, ZnCl2
) Al2(SO4)3 Na2CO3 , , :
Al3+ + H2O = AlOH2+ + H+ | CO32 + H2O = HCO3 + OH |
H+ + OH = H2O | |
3Na2CO3 + Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O = 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2CO3 |
) AlCl3 FeCl3
) K2S Pb(NO3)2 , , :
Pb2+ + H2O = PbOH+ + H+ | S2 + H2O = HS + OH |
H+ + OH = H2O | |
K2S + Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2O = 2KNO3 + Pb(OH)2 + H2S |
675.
(3NH4) = 0.1 =?, =? | 3NH4 + 2 = CH3COOH + NH4OH =3.2*10-5 : = *2/(1-) ~ = 0.018 = 1.8%. .. , . NH4OH CH3COOH, . |
676.
(NH4NO2) = 0.1 =?, =? | NH4NO2 + 2 = HNO2 + NH4OH = 8.1*10-7 : = *2/(1-) ~ = 0.003 = 0.3%. .. , . NH4OH HNO2, . |
677.
1(NaNO2) = 1 2(NaNO2) = 10-3 =?, =? PH -? | NaNO2 + 2 = HNO2 + NaOH = 1.45*10-11 : = *2/(1-) ~ a) a1 = = 3.8*10-6 ) a2 = = 1.2*10-4 . [H+] = a1*C1 = 3.8*10-6 /. = -lg[H+] = 5.4 |
678.
(Na2O3) = 1 =?, =? pH -? | Na2O3 + 2 = NaHCO3 + NaOH = 2*10-4 | NaHO3 + 2 = H2CO3 + NaOH = 2*10-8 |
: = *2/(1-) ~ a1 = = 1.4*10-2,C(NaHCO3) = a*C(H2CO3) = 0.014 / ) a2 = = 1.2*10-3. 2- = 2*10-8 . [H-] = a1*C = 0.014 /. = -lg[H-] = 1.8, = 14- = 12.2 |
679.
(K2SO3) = 1 =?, =? pH -? | K2SO3 + 2 = KHSO3 + KOH = 1.16*10-7 | KHSO3 + 2 = H2SO3 + KOH = 7.15*10-13 |
: = *2/(1-) ~ a1 = = 3.4*10-4,C(KHSO3) = a*C(H2SO3) = 3.4*10-4 / ) a2 = = 4.6*10-5. 2- = 7.15*10-13 . [H-] = a1*C = 3.4*10-4 /. = -lg[H-] = 4.5, = 14- = 9.5 |
680.
1) NO2 + 2 = OH + HNO2 = 1.15*10-11 | 2) NaNO2 + 2 = NaOH + HNO2 = 1.15*10-11 |
: = *2/(1-) ~
a1 = a2 = = 1.2*10-5,C(NO3) = a*C(HNO3) = 1.2*10-5 *0.1 = 1.2*10-6 /
[+] = 1.2*10-6 /. = -lg[H+] = 5.9.
, - HNO2, .
683. - - , , .
- , , : Li (E0 = -3.05 B), K (E0 = -2.93 B). - , , : l/Cl2 (E0 = 1.36 B), O3 (E0 = 1.51 B).
685. - , .. . , , , F , R , - , z .
687. MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn 2+ + 4H2O, = 1.51 .
= 1 , [H+] = 5, [Mn2+] = 0.01M, = 298 .
(MnO4- / Mn 2+) = 0 (MnO4- / Mn 2+) + (2.3*R*T / n*F) *ln ( MnO4- *8H+) / Mn 2+
(MnO4- / Mn 2+) = 1.51 + (2.3*8.31*298 / 5*96500) * ln (1*58 /0.01) = 1.72 .
688. Cr2O7-2 + 14H+ + 6e- = 2Cr 3+ + 7H2O, = 1.33 .
= 1 , [H+] = 5, [Cr3+] = 0.1M, = 298 .
(Cr2O7-2 / Cr 3+) = 0 (Cr2O7-2/ Cr +3) + (2.3*R*T / n*F) *ln ( Cr2O7-2 *14H+) / Cr 2+
(Cr2O7-2 / Cr 3+) = 1.33 + (2.3*8.31*298 / 6*96500) * ln (1*514 /0.1) = 1.69 .
689.
W%(H2SO4) = 60% p = 1.50 / T = 298 K E -? | SO42- + 8H+ + 6e = S + 4H2O E(SO42-/S) = Eo(SO42-/S) + : 1 . m(- H2SO4) = V*p = 1000*1.50 = 1500 . m(H2SO4) = m(- H2SO4)*W%/100% = 1500*60/100 = 900 . C = m/(M*V) = 900/(98*1) = 9.2 /. (H2SO4) = (SO42-) = 9.2, (+) = 2(H2SO4) = 18.4 /. E(SO42-/S) = 0.36 + = 0.46 |
, , .
690.
W%(HNO3)=40% p = 1.25 / T = 298 K E -? | NO3- + 4H+ + 3e = NO + 2H2O E(NO3-/NO) = Eo(NO3-/NO) + : 1 . m(- HNO3) = V*p = 1000*1.25 = 1250 . m(HNO3) = m(- HNO3)*W%/100% = 1250*40/100 = 500 . C = m/(M*V) = 500/(63*1) = 7.94 /. (HNO3) = (NO3-) = (+) = 7.94 /. E(NO3-/NO) = 0.96 + = 1.048 |
, , . NO, .
692. Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e - =2Cr3+ + 7H2O, j = 1.33 B.
CrO42- + 4H2O + 3e - =Cr3+ +8OH -, j = -0.13 B.
j() > j(), , .
693. , 0 (Zn2+ /Zn) = - 1.24 , 0 = -0.76 .
694. :Al 3+ + 3e - = Al, j = - 0.67 B.
: Al + 3OH - - 3e - = Al(O)3 , j = -2.30 B.
, , , .
695. , () > (). , .. = 1.58 . ( = 1.49 ). ( = 1.21 ). - ( = 1.63 ).
696. , . , .
697. . , , .
698. . :
- , . , . , , , , , .
- , .
- .
701. I (0.62 B) Br (1.09) Cl (1.36) F (2.87)
: , .
702.
HCl + O2 = Cl2 + 2H2O 2Cl-1 1e- = Cl2 (E = 1.36 ) O2 + 4H+ + 4e- = 2H2O ( = 1.23 ) , () > (). .. O2 - . |
H3PO4 + HI = H3PO3 +I2 PO4 3- + 2H+ +2e- = PO3 3- + H2O, (E = -0.28 ) 2I -1 - 2e = I2 ( = 0.62 ), () > (). .. H3PO4 - . |
703.
2HCl + 2HNO3 = 2NO + Cl2 + 2H2O 2Cl-1 1e- = Cl2 (E = 1.36 ) NO3- + 4H+ + 3e- = NO + 2H2O ( = 0.96 ) , () > (). .. HNO3 - . |
2FeSO4 + 2I2 + H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 +4HI Fe 2+ - 1e- = Fe 3+ (E = 0.77 ) I2 + 2e = 2I -1 ( = 0.62 ) () > (). .. I2 - . |
704.
2KMnO4 + 8KBr + 4H2O = 2MnO2 + 4Br2 + 8KOH MnO4- + 2H2O + 3e- = MnO2 + 4OH- , E = 1.23 2Br- -2e- = Br2, = 1.09 , () > (). .. KMnO4 - . |
2KMnO4 +6Ag + H2O = 2MnO2 + 3Ag2O + 2KOH MnO4- + 2H2O + 3e- = MnO2 + 4OH- , E = 1.23 2Ag + 2OH- 2e = Ag2 + H2O, = 0.79 () > (). .. KMnO4 - . |
705.
H3PO3 + SnCl2 + H2O = H3PO4 + Sn + 2HCl PO3 3- + H2O -2e- = PO4 3- + 2H+, E = -0.28 Sn2+ +2e- = Sn, = -0.14 , () > (). .. SnCl2 - . |
SnCl2 + I2 + KCl = SnCl4 + KI Sn2+ -2e- = Sn4+, = 0.15 , I2 +2e- = 2I-, = 0.62 () > (). .. - . |
706.
Se + 2H2SO4 + H2O = H2SeO3 + H2SO3 Se + 6OH- 4e- = SeO32- + 3H2O, (E = -0.37) SO4-2 + H2O + 2e- = SO32- + 2OH-, ( = -0.93 ) , () > (). .. H2SO4 - . |
Cu + Br2 + Na2SO4 = CuSO4 + NaBr Cu - 2e- = Cu+2 , (E = 0.337 ) Br2 +2e = 2Br -, ( = 1.09 ), () > (). .. Br2 - . |
707.
Ag + 2HNO3 = AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O Ag 1e- = Ag+ (E = 0.790) NO3- + 2H+ + 1e- = NO2 + H2O ( = 0.80 ) , () > (). .. HNO3 - . |
Cl2 + H2O = HCl + HClO Cl2 + 2e- = 2Cl (E = 1.36 ) Cl2 + H2O 2e = 2HClO + 2H+ ( = 1.63 ) () > (). .. Cl2 - . |
708.
Au + 6HNO3 = Au(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O Au 3e- = Au3+ E = 1.5 NO3- + 2H+ + 1e- = NO2 + H2O = 0.8 , () > (). .. Au3+ - . |
PbSO4 + H2O2 = PbO2 + H2SO4 Pb2+ 2e- = Pb4+ E = 1.69 H2O2 = 2H+ + O2- = 0.68 () > (). .. Pb4+ - . |
709. ) HIO3 ( = 1.08 ), HCl ( = 1.36 ). , () > (), . ) K2Cr2O7 ( = 1.33 ), KBr ( = 1.09 ). .
710. , () > ().
) (HNO3) = 0.80 B, (HBr) = 1.09 B. ( ) , HNO3 HBr, .
) , .