561.
: m(NH4Cl) = 10 . V(2) = 233 . ∆T = -2.8oC = 4.2 /(*) | n(NH4Cl) = m/M = 10*53.5 = 0.19 . Q(NH4OH) = m()*∆*C = (10+233)*2.8*4.2 = -2.86 ∆Ho = /. |
562.
: m(NaOH) = 10 . V(2) = 250 . ∆Ho(NaOH) =?. ∆ = 6.7 = 4.2 /(*) | n(NaOH) = m/M = 10*40 = 0.25 . Q(NaOH) = m()*∆*C = (10+250)*6.7*4.2 = 7.32 ∆Ho = /. |
563.
: m(CaCl2) = 10 . Q = 6.82 m(CaCl2*6H2O) = 10. Q = -0.87 ∆Ho(aCl2) =? | n(CaCl2) = m/M = 10/111 = 0.09 . ∆Ho(CaCl2) = -Q/n = -6.82/0.09 = -75.7 / n(CaCl2*62) = m/M = 10/219 = 0.046 . ∆Ho(CaCl2*62) = -Q/n = 0.87/0.046 = 19.05 / ∆Ho(aCl2) = ∆Ho(CaCl2) - ∆Ho(CaCl2*62) = -94.75 / |
564.
: ∆Ho(CuSO4*5H2O)=11.72 /. V(2) = 0.2 . ∆ = 2 = 4.2 /(*) m(CuSO4) = 4 . | n(CuSO4) = m/M = 4/160 = 0.025 Q = m()*∆*C = (200+4)*2*4.2 = 1.71 ∆Ho(CuSO4) = -Q/n = 1.71/0.025 = -68.5 / ∆Ho(uSO4) = ∆Ho(CuSO4) - ∆Ho(CuSO4*52) = -68.5 11.72 = -80.22 / |
565.
: ∆Ho(NH4NO3)=26.32 /. V(2) = 0.2 . ∆ = 5 = 3.77 /(*) m(NH4NO3) =? | Q(NH4NO3) = m(H2O)*∆*C = 200*5*3.77 = 3.77 n = . m(NH4NO3) = n*M = 0.14*80 = 11.46 . |
566.
: m(H2O) = 25 m(NaCl) = 8,75 S -? | : 8,75 NaCl 25 2 NaCl - 100 2 = 8,75*100/25 = 35 NaCl/100 2 |
567.
: V(2) = 50 . n(Zn(NO3)2) = 0.003 | m(Zn(NO3)2) = n*M = 0.003*189 = 0.567 . S = = 1.13 /100 |
568.
: w(K2Cr2O7) = 45.2%. S -? | 100 : m(K2Cr2O7) = 45.2 , m(H2O) = 100 45.2 = 54.8 . S = |
569.
: S (KNO3) = 31.6 /100 w -? | , m(KNO3) = 31.6 , m(H2O)=100 . w (KNO3) = % |
570.
: S (KNO3) = 55 /100 m(-) = 60 . m (KNO3) -? | w (KNO3) = % 60 : m(KNO3) = (60*35.5) / 100 = 21.3 . |
571.
: S1(K2CO3)= 155 /100 S2(K2CO3)= 111 /100 m() = 770 . | , 770 100. m1(K2CO3) = , 770 468 = 302 . , 302 . 00: m2(K2CO3) = =335. .. 468 335 = 133 . . |
572.
|
|
: S1(Pb(NO3)2)= 90 /100 S2(Pb(NO3)2)= 46 /100 V(H2O) = 200 T = 200C | 60 200 m1(Pb(NO3)2) = 90*200/100 = 180 0 200 m1(Pb(NO3)2) = 46*200/100 = 92 . m1-m2 = 180 192 = 92 . |
573.
: 1 = 100, 2 = 20 S1(NaNO3) = 176 /100 S2(NaNO3) = 88 /100 m(NaNO3) = 120 . | : w1% = 176*100%/(176+100) = 63,8%; w2% = 88*100%/(88+100) = 46,8% m1(-) = , m2(-) = , m1(NaNO3) = z, m2(NaNO3) = k. : - = 120, z-k = 120 . x = z*100%/w1% = z*1.57, y = k*100%/w2% = k*2.14. : z*1.57 k*2.14 = 120z-k =120. , = 357,4 ; z = 228 . |
574.
: S(H2S) = 2.91 P = 101325 T = 200C W%(CO2) =? | 2.91 H2S. m(H2O) = 1000 . n(H2S) = V/V = 2.91/22.4 = 0.13 m(H2S) = n*M = 0.13*34 = 4.42 . w%(H2S) = |
575.
: S(CO2) = 0.878 P =? W%(CO2) = 1 % | 0.878 . m(H2O) = 1000 . n(CO2) = V/V = 2.91/22.4 = 0.13 m(CO2) = n*M = 0.13*44 = 5.72 . |
576.
: W%(C12H22O11) = 10% = 100 = 101.3*105 В =? | - В = 1 . m(C12H22O11) = 100 . n(C12H22O11) = m/M = 100/342 = 0.292 m(H2O) = 1000-100 = 900 . n(H2O) = 900/18 = 50 . 101.3*105 - В = 101.3*105 В=1.007*105 = 755.6 ... |
577.
: 0 = 8199.325 V(H2O) = 540 m(C6H12O6) = 1 . P =? | Po - P = P0*N(C6H12O6) n(H2O) = m/M = 540/18 = 30 . n(6H12O6) = m/M = 36/180 = 0.2 . 8199.325 - P = 8199.325* , , P = 8145.025 |
578.
: 0 = 23939.35 P = 21854.4 m() = 200 . m(.)=10.5 . =? | Po - P = P0*N2 n() = m/M = 200/58 = 3.45 . . 23939.35 21854.4 = 23939.35* , , n (.) = 0.329 , (.) = m / n = 10.5 / 0.329 = 32 /. |
579.
: 0 = 47375 P = 33310 n(-) = 1 n(H2O) =? | Po - P = P0*N() => 47375 - 33310 = 47375* 1+n(H2O) = 3.37 => n(H2O) = 2.37 . |
580.
: w(25)=25% -? | 2*, - - - 1 . 2 = 1,86. 100 , 0,25*100 = 25 , - n = m/M = 25/46 = 0,54 . 100-25 = 75 . = n(C2H5OH)/M(H2O) = 0,543/75*10-3 = 7,25 /. D = 1,86*7,25 = 13,480. = -13,480 |
581.
: W%(C6H12O6) = 10% () =? | Δ() = (2)*m, m - . : 100 m(C6H12O6) = 10 . n(C6H12O6) = m/M = 10/180 = 0.056 m(H2O) = 100-10 = 90 . m = n(C6H12O6)/m(H2O) = 0.056/0.090 = 0.62 /. Δ() = (2)*m = 0.52*0.62 = 0.320. () = 100.32 0 |
582.
: m(x) = 1.6 . V(H2O) = 250 . () = -0.2 () =? | Δ() = (2)*m = 0.2 = 1.86* , , () = 59.52 / |
583.
|
|
: m(x) = 27 . V(H2O) = 1000 . () = 100.78 () =? | Δ() = (2)*m = 0.78 = 0.52* , , () = 18 / |
584.
: m(Ix) = 9.2 . m(CH3OH) = 100 . () = 64.7 Ғ() = 65 (I) =? (C3H) = 0.84 | , Δ() = (C3H)*m = 65 - 64.7 = 0.84* , , (I) = 257.6 / 257.6/127 = 2 . |
585.
: m(Sx) = 0.81 . m(C6H6) = 100 . Δ() = 0.081 (S) =? (C6H6) = 2.57 | , Δ() = (C6H6)*m = 0.081 = 2.57* , , (S) = 257 / 257/32 = 8 . |
586.
: V(H2O) = 30 . V(C3H5(OH)3) = 9 . () =? p() = 1,261 / | Δ()=(2)*m= m = V*p = 9000*1.261 = 11349 . Δ() = 1.86* = 7.65. -7.65 |
587.
: () = -150 m(C2H4(OH)2)=? | Δ()=(2)*m= m = = =8.06 / . m(..) = m * (..) * m(H2O) = 8.06*62*1 = 499.7 = 0.5 . |
588.
: P =? w%() = 4 % = 20 = 293 p = 1.014 / | P = *R*T 1 : m() = V*p = 1000*1.014 = 1014 . m() = 1014*4%/100% = 40.56 . () = m/(M*V) = 40.56/(342*1) = 0.12 / = 0.12*8.31*293 = 288.8 , = 0.12*0.082*293 = 2.85 . |
589.
: V(H2O) = 1 . P = 607950 m() = 45 . =? | P = *R*T = , =293.6 |
590.
: W%(C) = 39.56 % W%(H) = 7.69 % W%(O) = 52.75 % V(H2O) = 1 . P = 9.00*105 m() = 72 . = 00 = 273 | P = *R*T = () = 181 / 1 . 181 . : m(C) = 39.56%*181/100% = 72 . n() = m/M = 72/12 = 6 m() = 7.69%*181/100% = 14 . n() = m/M = 14/1 = 14 m() = 52.75%*181/100% = 96 . n() = m/M = 96/16 = 6 : 6146 |
591. , . , - , . -. . , .. .
592. ( ), , .. : 81.0, 25.8, 2.23, 32.3. NaCl:
NaCl + H2O = |
593. , . .. , , , NaCl , CH3CH2OH .
594. () (). . . .
595. : ( >>1), (1> > 10-2) ( << 1). HNO3( = 43.6): HNO3 = H+ + NO3- . HIO4 ( = 2/3*10-2): HIO4 = H+ + IO4-. NH4OH ( = 1.76*10-5): NH4OH = NH4+ + OH-.
|
|
596.
K2SO4↔ K+ + KSO4-1 KSO4-1 ↔ K+ + SO4-2 | K1 = K2= |
Ca(OH)2 ↔ Ca2+ + 2OH - | K = |
H3PO4 ↔ 3H+ + PO43- | K = |
KHCO3 ↔ K+ + H+ + CO32- | K = |
3H+ + AlO3-3↔Al(OH)3 ↔ Al3+ + 3OH- | K = |
Fe(OH)Cl2 ↔ Fe2+ + OH - + 2Cl - | K = |
597.
Ba(OH)2 ↔ Ba+2 + 2OH- | K = |
H3AsO4 ↔ 3H+ + AsO4-3 | K = |
KHSO4 ↔ K+ + HSO4 HSO4 ↔ H+ + SO4 2 | K 1= K 2= |
Fe(OH)2Cl ↔ Fe3+ + 2OH- + Cl- | K = |
2H+ + ZnO22-↔Zn(OH)2 ↔ Zn2+ + 2OH- | K = |
598.
a(NO3)2 ↔ Ca+2 + 2NO3- | K = |
Sr(OH)2 ↔ Sr+2 + 2OH- | K = |
NaH2PO4 ↔ Na+ + H2PO4 H2PO4 ↔ 2H+ + PO4 3 | K 1= K 2= |
2H+ + BeO22-↔Be(OH)2 ↔ Be+2 + 2OH- | K = |
AlOH(NO3)2 ↔ Al3+ + OH- + 2NO3- | K = |
599.
K2Cr2O7 ↔ 2K+ + Cr2O72- | K = |
H2SeO3 ↔ 2H+ + SeO32- | K = |
NaHS ↔ Na+ + HS- HS- = H+ + S2- | K1 = K2 = |
Al(OH)2NO3 ↔ Al3+ + 2OH- + NO3- | K = |
2H+ + SnO22-↔Sn(OH)2 ↔ Sn2+ + 2OH- | K = |
600.
LiOH ↔ Li+ + OH- | K = |
H2S ↔ H+ + HS- HS- ↔ H+ + S2- | K1 = K2 = |
K2HPO4 ↔ 2K+ + H+ + PO43- | K = |
Cr(OH)2Cl ↔ Cr3+ + 2OH- + Cl- | K = |
4H+ + SnO44-↔Sn(OH)4 ↔ Sn4+ + 4OH- | K = |
601. - -. NaOH , Na-O O-H Na-O-H = Na+ + OH-; HNO3 , N-O O-H H-O-NO2 = H+ + NO3- ; Zn(OH)2 , Zn-O O-H , Zn2+ + 2OH- = Zn(OH)2 = 2H+ + ZnO22-. : H-O-NO2 = H- + NO2+.
602. . , . , . , . , , .
) HNO2 HNO3 | HNO3 , .. +5, HNO2 c +3 |
) H2SO4 H2SeO4 | Se S, - - , .. . |
) HPO3 H3PO4 | .. HPO3 , , , , H3PO4, HPO3. |
603. . , .
) HF HCl HBr HI | HF HI, .. : HCl = H+ + Cl- |
) HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO | , , , . . HClO = H+ + ClO- |
) HClO HBrO HIO | Cl I -, .. . , . HBrO = H+ + BrO- |
) HPO3 H4P2O7 H3PO4 | (), , , . H3PO4 = 3H+ + 43- |
604. , . .., , , , . .., LiOH--CsOH ( ), Fe(OH)2 , Fe(OH)3 ( +2 +3), Ca(OH)2 , Zn(OH)2 ( , ).
|
|
605. , , - 1 , = 2.2*10-5.
606.
: a1 = 0.42 %, 1= 1 a2 = 1.33 %, 2= 0.1 a3 = 4.22%, 3= 0.01 -? | , , .. . |
607.
: a = 0.1 % = 1. -? | NH4OH. |
608.
: 1 = 1.3*10-2 2 = 0.6*10-7 = 0.1 | ) H2S = H+ +HS- = 1.3*10-2 = , , α1=0.3=30% (HS-) = α1*(H2S) = 0.3*0.1 = 0.03 / ) HS- = H+ + S2- = = 0.6*10-7, , α2 = 0.0014 = 0.14% |
609.
: = 1.8*10-5 1 = 0.1 2 = 0.001 | : ) 1.8*10-5 = , a1 = 0.0134 ) 1.8*10-5 = , a2 = 0.134 a2/a1 = 10 |
610. , . .. , , .
: Cm(KCl) = 1/ () = -3.360 i, a() =? | = i*1.86*1 = 3.36, , i = 1.8 a() = (i-1)/(m-1) = (1.8-1)/(2-1) = 0.8 = 80% |
611. , . .. , , . .. = 0.44 NaCl = 0.25, i = 0.44/0.25 = 1.76. , m , .
612. , . .. , , .
: m(NH4Cl) = 1.07 V(H2O) = 200 . () = 100.09 0 a() =? | . m = =n(NH4Cl)/m(H2O) = = 0.1 / 0.09 = i*0.52*0.1 => i = 1.73 a() = (i-1)/(m-1) = (1.73-1)/(2-1) = 0.73 = 73%, m , . |
613. , . .. , , .
: 0 = 101.3 V(H2O) = 450 n(Na2SO4) = 0.05 P = 100.8 a() =? | Po - P = i*P0*N(Na2SO4) n(H2O) = m/M = 450/18 = 25 . 101.3 100.8 = 101.3*i* , , i = 2.47 a() = (i-1)/(m-1) = (2.47-1)/(3-1) = 0.73 = 73 %, m , . |
614.
: C() = 0.04/ = 00 = 273 P = 217.8 = 70% m =? | P = i()*R*T = i*0.04*8.31*273 = 217.8 i = 2.4 = (i-1)/(m-1) = 0.70, , m = 3. . : CaCl2, H2SO4 .. |
615. i=2,a=100 %, .= -3.720 , .= -3.360 , m = 1/.
KCl : KCl = K+ + Cl-. , . a(.) = (3.36/3.72)*100% = 90%. i=1 + (n-1)* a = 1+(2-1)*0.9 = 1.9
|
|
616.
Na2[Sn(OH)6] = 2Na+ + [Sn(OH)6]2- | = | = |
[Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3 = [Cr(NH3)6]3+ + 3NO3- | = | = |
617.
K2[NiCl4] = 2K+ + [NiCl4]2- | = | = |
[PtF2(NH3)4](NO3)2 = [PtF2(NH3)4]2+ + 2NO3- | = | = |
618.
(NH4)2[RuCl6] = 2NH4+ + [RuCl6]2- | = | = |
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl = [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl- | = | = |
619.
Na2[Ni(CN)4] = 2Na+ + [Ni(CN)4]2- | = | = |
[PtCl2(NH3)4]SO4 = [PtCl2(NH3)4]2+ + SO42- | = | = |
620.
K3[CoF6] = 3K+ + [CoF6]3- | = | = |
[Fe(NH3)6](NO3)2 = [Fe(NH3)6]2+ + 2NO3- | = | = |