| . | ||
| 1000 . | 13,9 | 2,2 |
5. [32].
1986 .
| 1000 | |||
| - (GP) | 18,9 4,5 2,1 1,0 | ||
6. [33].
1986 ( ).
| - | , | |
| 1000 | 20,2 | 1,5 |
7. [34].
.
| , - | , | |
| , 37 | 7,6 | 1,8 |
| 1000 | 75,7 | 30,1 |
, .
TBA - traditional birth attendant - , .
CNM - certified nurse-midwife - .
Lay midwife - ( ).
Direct-entry midwife - () .
ACNM - the American College of Nurse-Midwives - - .
MANA - the midwives Allian of North America .
MCA - the Maternity Center Association - .
GP - general practitioner unit - , .
the Frontier Nursing Service - .
the U.S. Center for Disease Control - .
.
1.Barbara Harper, R.N. Gentle Birth Choices, USA
Healhing Arts Press, Rochester, Vermont, 1994.
( : ) .120.
2. Barbara Harper, . 123
3. Barbara Harper, . 123
4. Barbara Harper, . 124
5. Barbara Harper, . 125
6. Barbara Harper, . 53
7. Barbara Harper, . 55
8. Assian Mothers, Australian Births: pregnancy, childbirth and childrearing, Melbourn, Australia, Ausmed Publications, Pranee Liamputtong Rice, 1994.
( : , ) . 16.
9. . . .. , , , , 1984., .11.
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|
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10. Asian Mothers... .21.
11. , 1991 , (), -, . 126.
12. ..., .126.
13. Barbara Harper, .53.
14. ..., .102-103.
15. ..., .102-103.
16. . , , . 1990, .. , , , 1990. . 54.
17.sian Mothers... .25.
18.Asian Mothers... .23.
19. Daily Mail (), 16.10.1993.
20. Barbara Harper, .52.
21. Daily Mail...
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( 1985 1987 .)
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( )
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( ) .217-237
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( .)
26. ) w M. Effects of Scientific Obstetrics on Perinatal Mortality, Helth And Social Services Journal 1981 , 91 ( ), .444-446.
) Campbell R., Macdonald Davies J., Macfarlane A., Beral V.
Home Birth in England and Wales: perinatal Mortality according to intended place of Delivery British Medical Journal 1984 , 289 . 721-724.
( : ).
) Campbell R., Macdonald Davies J., Macfarlane A.
Perinatal Mortality and place of Delivery Population Trends, London, HMSO 1982 , 28, . 9-12.
( )
27. Shiela Kitzinger Homebith & Other Alternatives to Hospital, London - New-York - Stuttgart, Dorling Kindersley, 1991., . 42.
( )
28. Tew M. Safer Childbirth, London, Chapman & Hall, 1990.
( )
29. Campbell R., Macfarlane A.Where to Be Born? The Debate and the Evidence, Oxford, National Epidemiology Unit, 1987.
( ? )
30. Chamberlain R., Chamberlain G., Howllet B., Claireaux A. British Births 1970, London, Heinemann, 1975.
( 1970 )
31. Shielda Kitzinger, . 43.
32. Shielda Kitzinger, . 43.
33. Shielda Kitzinger, . 44.
34. Shielda Kitzinger, . 44.
35. Tew M. Home Birth: the Issue of Safiety, study day on home birth-exploring the issues, Birmingham Maternity Hospital, National Childbirth Trust.
( - : ).
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36. Http:// www. efn.org/~djz/birth/englandhb.html
Introduction - Why Choose a Home Birth? - .
Brighton Homebirth Support Group 119 Chester Terrace Brighton BN1 6GD 01273 557098 .
