.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




2 , . , .

 

 
  - -
79% 100% 42% 35%
- - 8% 4%
- - 46% 46%
- 21% - 4% 15%

2. .

.

. 6 10 , - 3 9 .

 

.

- .

- , , , , , , . , .

63% , - 81% . , , , - .

( ) (). , 4% 8% .

, , , .

 

.

, [10], , . , , . , , , , , , . , , .

, , , , . -, , , , , .

56% , , 53% . , , . 59% , , 47% , . , 16% , , . 25% , 12% - , 39% - 7% - - . , .

, . . 58% , , . :

n 12% .

n 16% , .

n 5% - , .

n 5% , .

n 20% . , , , . : , , . , .

, , . .

41% , , 45% - , 7% , 5% 2% . 77% , , 19% . , , 12% (2 ) . .

, , , 89% 11% . , 100% , , , , . , , . , , . [11] , .

( 50% ) . 98% , , 89% . 4% (2 ) 7% (4 ) .

, , 2% , .

81% , , , . 19% , , , , . , 96% , . 4% , , , .

, , - ? 89% : . 11% . : ? . , 90% . 6% - 2% - . , , .

, , , , . 3.

 

 

 
26% 33%
9% 15%
7% 0%
0% 0%
- 42% 48%

 

3. .

 

, , . , , : , , , . 12% , . 14% , - , . . . , , , , . , , .

:

 

. , , . , , , .

. , . , . !

. , , , .

. , , .

, . , . ? , , - , ? , -, .

, . , . , . , , . . . .

 

.

.

. [10] , - . [12]

[13] . , , . . , , .

, , , , . , .

[14] . , 50 .

, . . , .

[9] , . . . , , .

. , .

, , , . , , - 3 9.

1993 ( , - . .) , , ( ) , . , .

[5] , .

[15] 1993 . , - . () ( ). , , , , 3 .

[13], , - . , . [8] (. . .)

, , , . , , .

, . [17] , , .

 

.

. . , , . , , , .

, , , , , .

, , . ( 40, 2 ) .

 

.

A Comparative Study Waterbirth and Bedbirth Ellen BURKE, RGN, RM & Ann KILFOYLE, RGN, RN Midwives January 1995.

 

1. , , , ( ( , ), , , 1994 ) ODENT, M., Birth Reborn Souvenir Press, London, 1993.

2. , , , , BURNS, E., Pooling Information, Nursing Times, 1993, 89, 8, 47-49.

3. , , DoH, Report of the Expert Maternity Group, Changing Childbirth, HMSO, London, 1993.

4. , , , BALASKAS, J. & GORDON, Y., Waterbirth, Unwin, London, 1990.

5. , . - ?, , CHAPMAN, V., Waterbirth - Breakthrough or Burden? British Journal of Midwifery, 1994, 2, 2.

6. , ., , , OWEN, A., My Right to Choose!, Modern Midwife, 1992, 2, 18.

7. , ., , , COGHILL, R., To the Water Born, Nursing Times, 1988, 24, 32-33.

8. -, . , ., : , , McCANDLISH, R. & RENFREW, M., Immersion in Water During Labour and Birth: the Need for Evaluation, Birth, 1993, 20, 2, 79-85.

9. , . . , , BARRETT, J. et al, Randomised Trial of Amniotomy in Labour versus the Intention to leave Membranes intact until Second Stage, British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 1992, January, 99, 5-9.

10. , , , ODENT, M., Birth Underwater, The Lancet, 1983, 2, 1476-77.

11. , . , .. , MELZACK, R. & WALL, P.D., The Challenge of Pain, 2nd ed, Penguin, London, 1988.

12. , , , -, ROZENTHAL, M., Warm Water Immersion in Labour and Birth, The Female Patient, 1991, 16, 33-37, 40-41, 44, 46.

13. , ., , , REID, T., Waterwork, Nursing Times, 1994, 90, 11, 26-30.

14. , . , ., . ?, , GARLAND, D. & JONES, K., Waterbirth. First Stage: Immersion or Non-Immersion?, British Journal of Midwifery, 1994, 2, 3, pp.113-120.

15. , ., , , ROSEVEAR, S.K., Birthing Pools and the Fetus, letter, Lancet, 1993, October 23, 342, 1048-1049.

16. , ., , , KARGAR, I., Waterwork, Nursing Times, 1994, 90, 11, 26-30.

 

.

, , . ,

, . (E. RICHARDSON) ,

(Pam FOLEY), - ,

(Helen JONES), ,

(Kay WILLIAMS) , ,

(Flo CASSTLES), , .





:


: 2016-11-23; !; : 375 |


:

, .
==> ...

1646 - | 1537 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.059 .