1. 0,25 0,75 , 0,03 /, ( /)?
, :
= ×V = 0,03×0,75 = 0,0225 .
, 0,0225 , :
;
.
, : .
, 6 .
2. ?
- , , , 3,2 2 .
, (1)
- ;
g - ;
n - .
- , 2 .
32
322
32 22.
3,2 .
. (2)
, 3,2 :
. (3)
(3) (2):
;
;
.
, 10,24 .
3. - 15 , 5×102 /3 59,4 /2, 73,49 /2.
, : = × . = .
= (),
s1 - , /2;
s2 - , /2;
2 - , /3.
.
.
1. : , , .
2. ?
3. , , .
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4. .
5. ?
6. , , .
7. - , , ? .
8. ? ?
9. , , ? .
10. , . ?
11. H : ) , ) . ?
12. ?
13. , . ?
14. , .
15. .
16. ?
17. .
18. , , , ?
19. - (), () ()?
20. ? ? , .
21. ?
22. ? "" ?
23. , , 1000 2/, . , .
24. ?
25. , ?
26. .
27. , , ?
28. ? ?
29. . , , 1/2. . : ?
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30. , .
31. , , ? .
32. - ?
33. ?
34. : ) - , ) - .
35. .
36. ?
37. ?
38. . ?
39. ?
40. . , : Ba2+, Fe3+, SO42, Cl.
41. 1 100 1×104 / 6×105 /, 100 2
2×105 /. .
42. .
43. , 200 0,05 , 3 . . .
44. - ? . ?
45. 1903 . . . , , , . ? . . ?
46. - : , , , , , (1225SO3Na), ?
47. ? , - .
48. - , 15 73,49 57,5 /2 0,0312 /. (6,68106 /2)
49. 200 , 4 (/) 126,0 89,9. (1,805 /)
50. (.%): NaCl - 2,74, MgCl2 - 0,33, MgSO4 - 0,23. .
51. - , = 298 71,96 70,4 /2 0,073 /3.
(6,30107 /2)
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52. 15,6 /3 273 58,2 /2, 73 /2. , . (6,52106 /2)
53. - .
54. 1000 2/. , () 20 2 , 1 0,44 . (38,9 )
55. ¥ , . :
, / | 0,124 | 0,186 | 0,238 | 0,267 |
, / |
¥, ? , ?
56. , 1 2 , :
×103, /3 | 0,93 | 1,87 | 3,10 | 11,05 |
×1010, /2 | 8,75 | 17,35 | 25,10 | 56,50 |
?
57. , , - . .
58. 20 0,1 2 . . 0,02 /. . ? (8104 /)
59. 0,01 6,2×106 /2. 15 , 73,49 /2. (58,64103 /2)
60. 20 27,0 /2, 72,75 /2. .
61. , 4,0 200 15,7 3,4 /. (0,615 /)
62. - 8×106 /2. , (So) . So ? (2,011019 2)
63. :
×103, / | 88,7 | 177,7 | 260,0 |
×1010, /2 | 1,50 | 2,08 | 2,88 |
64. - 0,8 1,8 / , 1 /3. , - . - 2?
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65. - , 20 C :
, /3 | s, /2 | |
C5H11COOH | 71,2 | |
C6H13COOH | 67,0 |
72,75 /2.
66. , :
, | 3,94 | 4,00 | 4,04 | 4,12 |
, / | 252,2 | 126,0 | 31,4 | 62,8 |
, / | 202,0 | 89,9 | 11,3 | 34,2 |
1 .
67. 0,5 , 0,02 /. , /? (0,59 .)
68. 1,5 0,01 /, ( () /). 0,75 .
69. 0,5 298 55,6 /2, 71,96 /2. - . (3,272105 /; 6,6106 /2)
70. 0,073 /3 25 70,4×103 65,82×103 /2 . 71,96×103 /2. - ? - .
71. 0,25 , 0,02 /, ( /). . (≈ 5 )
72. - 288 , 0,25 / 35 /2, - 73,49 /2. (1,61105 /2)
73. , - 7×106 /2? (2,371019 2)
74. 6×106 /2. - . , . (2,771019 2)
75. 1 465 2. , 3 , , , 25×1017 2. (5,581018)
76. ()
23×1020 2. , 6 ? . (1,221016)
77. 0,01 5,6×103 /2. 20 , 72,75×103/2.
(59,11103 /2)
78. 0,1 / 20 , 65,5×103 /2. 3. (51103 /2)
79. n-- (122564SO3Na) . 107 . , , , , 33×1020 2. (9,5104)
80. ( ), 1,55 / 76,18×103 /2 ( 20 ). 72,75×103 /2.
(1,42106 /2)
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81. , , 0,06 /, 3 . 45,3×102 / 5,0×103 /. (0,11 .)
82. , 3 , 70 0,2 /. . 15 20 0,1 . . (1,56 /)
83. - () 0,088 /
2,05×102 /2 ( 30 ). , 0,044 /. ( 30 71,18×103 /2). (1,006105 /2)
84. ( ):
, /3 | s, /2 | |
-2 | 0,15 0,30 | 50,5 42,3 |
-2 | 0,15 0,30 | 46,8 23,9 |
85. , 0,15 /. , 3,5×103 /, =6,7×102 /. (2,42103 /)
86. 5,8×106 5,1×106 /. , 1,2 , 15, ( /). (5,6105 /)
87. ( ), 20 0,1 / 58,3×103 /2, 72,75×103 /2. (5,93106 /2)
88. 0,073 0,0087 / 298 70,4×103 /2. 71,96×103 /2. ?
: - | 10, 26, 42, 60, 63 | 4, 21, 38, 72, 75 | 14, 31, 48, 85, 88 | 8, 26, 41, 58, 61 | 3, 22, 38, 77, 88 | 13, 32, 43, 70, 74 | 6, 26, 42, 61, 67 | 16, 36, 20, 79, 87 | 10, 20, 47, 51, 72 | 4, 26, 42, 60, 71 | |||
9, 25, 41, 58, 59 | 3, 20, 37, 62, 73 | 13, 30, 47, 84, 87 | 7, 25, 40, 57, 60 | 2, 21, 37, 59, 76 | 12, 33, 42, 86, 87 | 5, 25, 41, 62, 66 | 15, 35, 19, 78, 88 | 9, 30, 46, 50, 74 | 3, 25, 41, 59, 70 | ||||
8, 24, 40, 57, 88 | 2, 19, 36, 61, 71 | 12, 29, 46, 74, 83 | 6, 24, 39, 56, 59 | 1, 20, 36, 61, 75 | 11, 30, 41, 85, 88 | 4, 24, 40, 65, 72 | 14, 48, 18, 60, 77 | 8, 29, 45, 49, 87 | 2, 24, 40, 69, 87 | ||||
7, 23, 39, 56, 87 | 1, 18, 35, 60, 70 | 11, 28, 45, 72, 82 | 5, 23, 38, 54, 88 | 15, 32, 48, 62, 69 | 10, 29, 40, 59, 84 | 3, 23, 39, 64, 79 | 13, 17, 33, 61, 76 | 7, 28, 44, 59, 86 | 1, 23, 39, 68, 88 | ||||
6, 22, 38, 54, 74 | 16, 32, 48, 69, 88 | 10, 27, 44, 62, 81 | 4, 22, 37, 53, 87 | 14, 18, 47, 60, 68 | 9, 28, 39, 60, 83 | 2, 22, 38, 63, 87 | 12, 32, 11, 62, 75 | 6, 27, 43, 85, 88 | 16, 21, 37, 67, 72 | ||||
5, 21, 37, 53, 72 | 15, 31, 47, 68, 87 | 9, 26, 43, 61, 80 | 3, 21, 36, 52, 74 | 13, 31, 46, 59, 67 | 8, 27, 38, 61, 82 | 1, 21, 37, 58, 88 | 31, 34, 47, 72, 73 | 5, 26, 42, 60, 84 | 15, 31, 36, 66, 74 | ||||
4, 20, 36, 52, 62 | 14, 30, 46, 67, 74 | 8, 25, 42, 59, 79 | 2, 20, 35, 51, 72 | 12, 30, 45, 66, 88 | 7, 26, 37, 62, 81 | 17, 33, 47, 57, 60 | 10, 30, 46, 71, 74 | 4, 25, 41, 61, 83 | 14, 19, 35, 59, 65 | ||||
3, 19, 35, 51, 61 | 13, 29, 45, 66, 72 | 7, 24, 41, 78, 88 | 1, 19, 34, 50, 62 | 11, 29, 44, 65, 87 | 6, 23, 36, 72, 80 | 16, 18, 48, 56, 61 | 9, 29, 45, 70, 87 | 3, 24, 40, 62, 82 | 13, 18, 34, 54, 60 | ||||
2, 18, 34, 50, 60 | 12, 28, 44, 62, 65 | 6, 23, 40, 77, 87 | 16, 17, 33, 49, 60 | 10, 28, 43, 64, 74 | 5, 24, 35, 74, 79 | 15, 34, 45, 62, 73 | 8, 28, 44, 69, 88 | 2, 23, 39, 72, 81 | 12, 17, 33, 59, 61 | ||||
1, 17, 33, 49, 59 | 11, 27, 43, 61, 64 | 5, 22, 39, 74, 76 | 15, 32, 34, 59, 86 | 9, 27, 42, 63, 72 | 4, 25, 34, 78, 87 | 14, 31, 44, 71, 72 | 7, 27, 43, 60, 68 | 1, 22, 38, 74, 80 | 11, 32, 48, 52, 62 | ||||
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