1.
Zn | ZnSO4 (0,1 M) || KCl, Hg2Cl2 | Hg
25 1,03 . , . .
: , l . , :
Zn 2ē = Zn2+,
:
Hg2Cl2 + 2ē = 2Hg + 2Cl.
Zn + Hg2Cl2 = Zn2+ + 2Hg + 2Cl.
: . :
.
:
2. 25 0,094 . . , 0,699 , 0,24 .
. , : Hg | Hg2Cl2 , KCl || H+, | t.
: 642 + 2+ + 2ē = 64()2,
- : 2Hg + 2Cl 2ē = Hg2Cl2. :
() : , - .
,
,
- .
, :
,
:
,
= 10‑6,186 = 10‑7×100,814 = 6,5×107 /,
3. : Fe2+ + Co3+ = Fe3+ + Co2+?
.
- :
, (3+) (Fe2+), . . : Fe2+ + Co3+ = Fe3+ + Co2+ .
, - , . :
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t | Fe3+, Fe2+ || Co3+, Co2+ | t
.
1. : ) - ; ) uS4 - ZnSO4.
2. ( ) ?
3. - ?
4. , l?
5. : ) ; ) ; ) ?
6. ?
7. , , . ?
8. ( ) 1 CuSO4?
9. ( ) 1 NiSO4?
10. ?
11. Zn2+ ?
12. (I) - (II). ?
13. ? ?
14. , : Ni | Ni2+ || 2H+, H2 | t.
15. H . ? . : ) ; ) .
16. 298 0,763 +0,799 . ? ?
17. 298
0,25 . ? 1 ( )?
18. - , , ""?
19. . H ?
20. .
21. H .
22. .
23. ( ) : ) ; ) 0,1 ZnSO4; ) ?
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24. H ?
25. , ?
26. - ?
27. -? ?
28. . ?
29. ? ?
30. .
31. ( ) 0,1 ZnSO4?
32. . H ?
33. ?
34. H .
35. H , :
Zn | ZnSO4 (0,1 ) || ZnSO4 (1 ) | Zn
Cu | CuSO4 (0,01 ) || CuSO4 (0,1) | Cu.
36. , , 1 ? ?
37. ?
38. :
ZnSO4 | Zn; KCl (), AgCl | Ag; Fe2+, Fe3+ | Pt; H+, H2 | Pt;
KCl (), Hg2Cl2 | Hg; H+, C6H4O2, C6H4(OH)2 | Pt.
39. ? . ?
40. ?
41. : ) ; ) H .
42. , , : .
43. ?
44. , ?
45. H ? , H .
46. , .
47. ?
48. ?
49. , ?
50. , .
51. . ?
52. , ? , .
53. , , 0,274 298 . H . 0,24 . (3,14)
54. , , 0,2 . 298 . 0,25 0,76 . (0,52 )
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55. 0,01 1 , , , 1,12 1,25 ?
56. 0,2 0,747 . 298 , 0,66. (0,799 )
57. , , 1 0,1 . ? ?
58. , . ? 0,1 298 . 0,25 0,76 . (0,51 )
59. H , . , 1,1. 0,7 , 0,24 .
60. H , 298 0,514 . (3,15)
61. H=3, . 1 KCl 0,28 . (0,523 ; 0,243 )
62. , H , 298 0,274 . 0,24 . (0,514 ; 3,15)
63.
0,25 . 0,01 NiSO4. (0,309 )
64. l =3. , , . (0,177 )
65. , 0,08 /. , . (0,065 )
66. t | , HCl (0,1 ). ? , . (0,641 )
67. , , =3,5, =10,7. (0,413 ; 0,21 ; 0,63 )
68. , . , . 0,44 0,34 .
69. . 298 1 / 0,577 . . (5,75)
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70. H . . , 0,126 ? 0,24 , 0,70 ; 7,4 0,05. (0,0234 )
71. , 0,255 . (0,677 /)
72. , , 0,1 1 . ? ? ? (0,059 )
73. , , 1 . ? 298 . (0,62 )
74. . ?
75. :
2Fe3+ + Sn2+ = 2Fe2+ + Sn4+.
298 . ?
, .
76. , 298 , 0,303 ? 0,222 . , ? (1,37)
77. , Zn0 + Ni2+= Zn2+ + Ni0. , 0,1 /, - 1 /. 0,25 0,76 . (0,55 )
78. , , 0,1 ? 298 . 0,25 0,76 . (0,51 )
79. 0,1 298 0,441 . 0,516. . (0,403 )
80. H , : . , 298 0,085 ? (1,44)
81. , 0? 2? (0; 0,118 )
82. CuSO4, 10 ? 0,34 .
83. , Sn, Ag, SnCl2 AgNO3. , .
84. , , 298 0,082 . ?
85. 298 :
Pt | Fe3+, Fe2+ || Co3+, Co2+ | Pt,
0,2 /, 0,4 /.
, . (1,07 )
86. , =6. . (0,354 )
87. Mg(NO3)2 0,03 /, 60%. 2,36 . (2,41 )
88. , , , 0,678 25 . , 0,244 . (7,36)
89. , 0,082 , = 298 . (0,04 /)
90. ( ) , 0,577 298 . 1 /. 5,75, .
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: - | 10, 26, 41, 67, 70 | 4, 21, 38, 49, 88 | 14, 31, 57, 69,71 | 13, 22, 34, 56, 87 | 5, 38, 43, 65, 85 | 6, 27, 33, 63, 83 | 8, 25, 26, 62, 64 | 2, 16, 19, 54,58 | 21, 23, 37, 59, 86 | 18, 34, 50, 80, 81 | |||
9, 25, 39, 66, 69 | 3, 20, 37, 86, 87 | 13, 28, 46, 65, 68 | 14, 21, 30, 55, 84 | 6, 35, 42, 64, 82 | 5, 19, 57, 61, 80 | 5, 30, 36, 54, 70 | 1, 18,34, 56, 88 | 17, 34, 39, 52, 85 | 12, 15, 40, 67, 83 | ||||
8, 24, 40, 63, 65 | 2, 19, 34, 84, 85 | 12, 27, 43, 64, 67 | 9, 20, 49 57, 83 | 16, 30,36, 62, 81 | 3, 18, 24, 58, 74 | 20, 23, 37, 60,86 | 21, 30, 53, 55, 80 | 16, 31, 35, 51, 82 | 11, 36, 41, 68, 78 | ||||
7, 23, 36, 61, 64 | 1, 18, 53, 82, 83 | 11, 30, 45, 54, 66 | 6, 19, 45, 74, 79 | 9, 33, 37, 60, 71 | 2, 17, 20, 56, 80 | 24, 32, 34, 59, 85 | 12, 15, 49, 50, 87 | 15, 29, 42, 48, 81 | 21, 31, 38, 63, 77 | ||||
6, 22, 38, 58, 62 | 16, 32, 57, 79, 81 | 10, 29, 44, 60, 63 | 5, 18, 26, 76, 80 | 3, 25, 34, 59, 68 | 1, 4, 12, 55, 78 | 10, 17, 31, 52, 82 | 8, 11, 41, 77, 84 | 4, 14, 36, 71, 75 | 7, 39, 57, 66, 72 | ||||
5, 21, 37, 56, 60 | 15, 31, 46, 76, 80 | 9, 26, 42, 59, 61 | 3, 4, 12, 75, 78 | 8, 21,24, 52, 67 | 11,14, 49, 53, 77 | 8, 16, 34, 51, 81 | 7, 10, 40, 79, 83 | 10, 13, 28, 68, 73 | 35, 45, 47, 58, 70 | ||||
4, 20, 34, 55, 59 | 14, 28, 43, 75, 78 | 8, 25, 41, 58, 62 | 2, 10,11, 77, 86 | 7, 23, 31, 51,66 | 7, 38, 50, 73, 79 | 15, 29, 48, 57, 71 | 4, 39,46, 72, 76 | 8, 9, 32, 67, 74 | 26, 33, 44, 61,69 | ||||
3, 19, 52, 53, 54 | 13, 27, 45, 74, 77 | 7, 24, 39, 52, 56 | 1, 7, 8, 73, 85 | 17, 29, 42, 48, 63 | 35, 40, 47, 72, 76 | 14, 28, 45, 68, 88 | 26, 38, 44, 75,78 | 6, 22, 33, 66, 79 | 4, 30, 43, 55,65 | ||||
2, 18, 35, 49, 51 | 12, 30, 44, 71, 73 | 6, 23, 40, 48, 55 | 16, 17, 35, 72, 82 | 15, 28, 30, 54, 61 | 6, 41, 46, 70, 75 | 12, 22, 26, 67, 87 | 33,45,47, 69, 74 | 5, 27, 38, 63, 76 | 10, 25, 42, 56, 64 | ||||
1, 17, 33, 48, 76 | 11, 29, 42, 68, 72 | 5, 22, 36, 51, 54 | 15, 32, 33, 70, 81 | 10, 16, 27, 58, 88 | 21, 39, 44, 69, 86 | 4, 9, 21, 66, 84 | 35, 43, 57, 65, 73 | 3, 20, 26, 61, 62 | 8, 24, 46, 49, 60 | ||||
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