.


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1. , 0,2 /, 298 1,24×102 121. .

,

- , 11,

- , 121,

- , /3.

/3 , c:

= 1,24×102×0,2×103 = 2,48 11.

2. , , 426,1×104; 91,0×104 126,4×104 121.

, () , :

,

.

:

;

;

.

, :

;

;

= =

= 426,1×104 + 91,0×104 126,4×104 = 390,7×104 121.

3. 0,1 3 0,16 11, 390,7×104 121. .

:

.

3 :

.

:

=

/.

 

 

 

1. , , . , .

2. ?

3. ?

4. , .

5. ? ?

6. ?

7. ?

8. .

9. ? ?

10. , . ?

11. .

12. ? .

13. ?

14. .

15. .

16. ?

17. ?

18. ?

19. .

20. ?

21. ?

22. ?

23. .

24. ?

25. 103 - 109 11, 103 11. .

26. .

27. ?

28. . .

29. ?

30. , , ?

31. H+, Na+.

32. ?

33. , 0,02 KCl 20 300 , 0,25 11. (75 1)

34. , 0,02 KCl 16 300 , 0,229 11. (68,9 1)

35. , 0,001 0,125. (1,79 105)

36. , , 99,86 1, 25 100 . . (0,9986 11)

37. 2,1×102 11. , 0,3. 369,9×104 121. (1,89 /3)

38. NH4+ 64×104 121, H- 174×104 121. 0,1 NH4H, 0,01. (0,0238 11)

39. 0,01 : ) HCl KCl, ) CH3COOH CH3COOK?

40. NaCl, NaOH 109×104; 217,5×104 238×104 121. Na+ Cl, + 64,6×104 121. (44,1×104 121; 64,51×104 121)

41. 0,001 KNO3 11, + NO3- 64,6×104 62×104 121. KNO3. (0,0125 121; 0,987)

42. 0,0001 KCl 1,3×103 11, +
64,6×104 121. Cl. (6,78108 211)

43. 0,5 25 0,09 11. 345×104 121. . (0,0052; 1,36105)

44. 18 6,98×108 6,76×108 211. 1000 / 1,306×102 . . (0,98)

45. 25 I 4,5×107 /. + 3 - 349,8×104 44,5×104 121. 2,6×104 121. . (1,035102 /)

46. 100 1,045 :

 

NaOH,            
c×102, 11 3,90 2,84 1,77 1,24 2,07 2,94

 

/.

47. 0,05 18 3,24×102 11. 77,5×104 121, 43,5×104 315×104 . . (9,28104/; 1,76105)

48. , 0,6, - 9×103. (0,01 /)

49. 0,1 AgNO3 25 1090 , 0,02 KCl - 4318 , 0,277 11. AgNO3. (1,097 11; 109,7104 121)

50. , 16 CuSO4 1 , S=4 2 0,7 . 23 . . (0,76 11; 76,1104 121)

51. 100 0,5 NaOH :

 

NaOH, 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 13,0 13,5 14,0
R, 75,0 71,4 68,9 66,6 62,5 55,6 41,6

 

.

52. 0,01 H3H 25 1,56×102 11. 390,7×104 121. pH . (3,4)

53. , , 248,4×104, 149,85×104 126,4×104 121. (271,85104 121)

54. 0,06 25 3,97×102 11. 91×104 121, - 50,1×104 349,8×104 121. . (1,02103 /; 1,73105)

55. KCl , 0,277 11, - 136,3×104 121. (0,02 /)

56. 0,05 , 25 , 1,77×104, + 349,8×104 54,6×104 121. (0,06; 24,2610 4 121)

57. (c) (C) :

 

C, / 0,004 0,007 0,015 0,030 0,060 0,121 0,243
χ×102, 11 2,5 3,8 5,00 8,00 12,3 21,00 36,3

 

lg(c) - f(lgC) , 14,4×102 11.

58. 1,34 , 1,72 . 0,05 NaNO3. 0,5 1,85 . . (0,45 11; 90,0104 121)

59. , . 25 , 0,25 , :

 

OH, 3,2 6,1 9,2 15,4 20,1 23,4
c×102, 11 3,28 2,56 1,85 1,64 2,40 2,96

 

/.

60. 25 , 90×104; 126,4×104 426×104 121. . (389,6104 121)

61. 25 0,1 :

 

VH, 3,2 6,0 9,2 15,6 20,0 23,5
c×102, 11 3,20 2,56 1,86 1,64 2,38 2,96

 

/.

62. 25 6,98×108 6,76×108 2/×. 500 / 2,612×102 11. . (0,985)

63. , , 2,54 2 0,65 5,61 . , 79,7×104 121, - 1,01 /3. (3,3%)

64. , 1,83×104 /, 113,07×104 121. . (20,7104 11)

65. 0,01 , 18 14,3×104 121. 349×104 121. (0,041; 1,75105)

66. pH 0,1 NH4OH, 4×104 121, 272,2×104 121. (11,17)

67. 426,4 1. 0,2 , 18 . 98,7×104 121. (216 )

68. H+ 349,8×104 198,5×104 121. H+ H. (36,2108 211; 20,57108 211)

69. 0,03 H3H 25 2,81×102 11. 390,7×104 121. pH . (3,14)

70. 0,05 , 18 3,25×102 11. 3 + 34×104 315×104 121. (0,0186; 1,73105)

71. NH4OH 0,5 0,0482, 0,655 11. . (271,8104 121)

72. 0,1 35,2 . 0,1 AgNO3 42,4 . AgNO3, Kl 1,29 11. (1,071 11; 107,1104 121)

73. 12,5 4,6×104. 0,05 . (0,096)

74. 0,307 18 404,3 . , 0,02 4318 , - 0,239 11. . (2,55 11; 83,15104 121)

75. 25 1,5×105. 15,6×103 / 11,6×104 121. . (374,2104 121)

76. "" . . 50 0,5 :

 

KOH, 3,0 6,4 9,0 17,0 20,5 25,0
c×102, 11 3,65 2,75 2,05 1,70 2,55 3,65

 

/.

77. , 0,02 25 350 , 0,2765 11. (96,77 1)

78. , 0,02 KCl 22 300 , 0,2606 11. (78,18 1)

79. 25 0,01 94%. 115×104 121. . (0,1081 11)

80. Na+, Rb+ Cl 50,1×104; 77,8×104 76,3×104 121. .

81. Na+, Fe2+, Cl, SO42 : 50,1104; 53,5104; 76,35104 80,0104 121. (II).

82. ?

83. Na+ Cl, H+ OH.

84. Z? ?

85. , , , ?

86. , 0,1 KCl 20 24 , 1,167 11. , , 45 . (0,6224 11)

87. HCl 25 0,185 11, 370,0104 121. . (2,3)

88. 1% (ρ = 1,0053 /) 1,8 11. . (105,9104 121)

 

 
 
 


:   31, 42, 43, 54, 71 1, 6, 51, 58, 88 26, 27, 49, 67, 84 11, 23, 65, 74, 81 8, 14, 25, 55, 80 16, 24, 45, 63, 76 3, 4, 18, 64, 73 7, 13, 32, 59, 76 24, 29, 43, 60, 86 11, 19, 41, 53, 78
  23, 41, 42, 87, 88 21,40, 57, 74, 84 25, 29, 31, 66, 81 16, 20, 37, 64, 80 5, 15, 22, 56, 76 11, 19, 42, 68, 69 1, 15, 39, 62, 72 2,,24, 27 58, 60 19, 33, 38, 53, 85 15, 42, 74, 77, 81
  20, 33, 38, 82, 84 36, 37, 43, 67, 81 22, 23, 38, 65, 80 17, 30, 42, 76, 79 3, 26, 35, 63, 69 6, 41, 50, 62, 70 6, 10, 13, 60, 70 19, 29, 43, 53, 57 16, 41, 67, 74, 78 14, 37, 45, 75, 84
  16, 17, 29, 79, 81 30, 35, 42, 66, 80 20, 34, 41, 64, 76 12, 26, 33, 56, 69 1, 21, 18, 62, 89 38, 49, 51, 60, 72 7, 19, 27, 53, 68 38, 42, 55, 74, 80 11, 37, 42, 77, 79 10, 30, 48, 73, 90
  11, 12, 27, 67, 80 18, 26, 33, 65, 76 17, 32, 42, 63, 69 9, 25, 43, 62, 67 34, 36, 51, 60, 82 29, 31, 39, 53, 73 2, 29, 61, 65, 74 33, 37, 41, 54, 81 15, 30, 45, 75, 82 6, 25, 35, 71, 72
  6, 9, 13, 66, 76 15, 16, 25, 64, 69 12, 24, 45, 56, 62 8, 22, 34, 60, 64 32, 39, 40, 53, 79 23, 27, 28, 71, 86 37, 38, 43, 59, 66 16, 30, 42, 84, 86 10, 25, 48, 73, 87 2, 18, 22, 56, 70
  8, 34, 51, 65, 69 11, 14, 22, 62, 63 9, 19, 48, 60, 79 5, 21, 32, 53, 81 24, 28, 46, 67, 73 4, 13, 20, 85, 87 30, 41, 42, 58, 67 11, 25, 45, 85, 88 6, 14, 22, 53, 72 13, 21, 43, 63, 68
  5, 32, 39, 62, 64 6, 10, 21, 56, 60 4, 8, 53, 82, 83 3, 24, 61, 74, 88 19, 50, 52, 66, 72 2, 17, 37, 69, 78 14, 25, 33, 57, 79 15, 22, 48, 71, 78 7, 21, 35, 60, 70 33, 34, 36, 61, 64
  3, 24, 28, 60, 63 7, 48, 50, 53, 71 5, 28, 52, 55, 87 1, 19, 37, 59, 84 4, 47, 49, 65, 70 7, 12, 30, 76, 77 16, 22, 45, 55, 82 6, 10, 21, 56, 77 2, 13, 34, 62, 68 27, 32, 42, 59, 65
  1, 4, 19, 53, 56 2, 45, 49, 55, 87 3, 39, 47, 59, 88 13, 30, 50, 58, 71 6, 31, 64, 68, 83 9, 10, 74, 75, 80 11, 21, 48, 54, 87 5, 14, 51, 63, 75 18, 27, 32, 61, 69 7, 16, 29, 58, 66
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