1. , 0,2 /, 298 1,24×102 121. .
,
- , 11,
- , 121,
- , /3.
/3 , c:
= 1,24×102×0,2×103 = 2,48 11.
2. , , 426,1×104; 91,0×104 126,4×104 121.
, () , :
,
.
:
;
;
.
, :
;
;
= =
= 426,1×104 + 91,0×104 126,4×104 = 390,7×104 121.
3. 0,1 3 0,16 11, 390,7×104 121. .
:
.
3 :
.
:
=
/.
1. , , . , .
2. ?
3. ?
4. , .
5. ? ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. .
9. ? ?
10. , . ?
11. .
|
|
12. ? .
13. ?
14. .
15. .
16. ?
17. ?
18. ?
19. .
20. ?
21. ?
22. ?
23. .
24. ?
25. 103 - 109 11, 103 11. .
26. .
27. ?
28. . .
29. ?
30. , , ?
31. H+, Na+.
32. ?
33. , 0,02 KCl 20 300 , 0,25 11. (75 1)
34. , 0,02 KCl 16 300 , 0,229 11. (68,9 1)
35. , 0,001 0,125. (1,79 105)
36. , , 99,86 1, 25 100 . . (0,9986 11)
37. 2,1×102 11. , 0,3. 369,9×104 121. (1,89 /3)
38. NH4+ 64×104 121, H- 174×104 121. 0,1 NH4H, 0,01. (0,0238 11)
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39. 0,01 : ) HCl KCl, ) CH3COOH CH3COOK?
40. NaCl, NaOH 109×104; 217,5×104 238×104 121. Na+ Cl, + 64,6×104 121. (44,1×104 121; 64,51×104 121)
41. 0,001 KNO3 11, + NO3- 64,6×104 62×104 121. KNO3. (0,0125 121; 0,987)
42. 0,0001 KCl 1,3×103 11, +
64,6×104 121. Cl. (6,78108 211)
43. 0,5 25 0,09 11. 345×104 121. . (0,0052; 1,36105)
44. 18 6,98×108 6,76×108 211. 1000 / 1,306×102 . . (0,98)
45. 25 I 4,5×107 /. + 3 - 349,8×104 44,5×104 121. 2,6×104 121. . (1,035102 /)
46. 100 1,045 :
NaOH, | ||||||
c×102, 11 | 3,90 | 2,84 | 1,77 | 1,24 | 2,07 | 2,94 |
/.
47. 0,05 18 3,24×102 11. 77,5×104 121, 43,5×104 315×104 . . (9,28104/; 1,76105)
48. , 0,6, - 9×103. (0,01 /)
49. 0,1 AgNO3 25 1090 , 0,02 KCl - 4318 , 0,277 11. AgNO3. (1,097 11; 109,7104 121)
50. , 16 CuSO4 1 , S=4 2 0,7 . 23 . . (0,76 11; 76,1104 121)
51. 100 0,5 NaOH :
NaOH, | 8,0 | 9,0 | 10,0 | 11,0 | 13,0 | 13,5 | 14,0 |
R, | 75,0 | 71,4 | 68,9 | 66,6 | 62,5 | 55,6 | 41,6 |
.
52. 0,01 H3H 25 1,56×102 11. 390,7×104 121. pH . (3,4)
53. , , 248,4×104, 149,85×104 126,4×104 121. (271,85104 121)
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54. 0,06 25 3,97×102 11. 91×104 121, - 50,1×104 349,8×104 121. . (1,02103 /; 1,73105)
55. KCl , 0,277 11, - 136,3×104 121. (0,02 /)
56. 0,05 , 25 , 1,77×104, + 349,8×104 54,6×104 121. (0,06; 24,2610 4 121)
57. (c) (C) :
C, / | 0,004 | 0,007 | 0,015 | 0,030 | 0,060 | 0,121 | 0,243 |
χ×102, 11 | 2,5 | 3,8 | 5,00 | 8,00 | 12,3 | 21,00 | 36,3 |
lg(c) - f(lgC) , 14,4×102 11.
58. 1,34 , 1,72 . 0,05 NaNO3. 0,5 1,85 . . (0,45 11; 90,0104 121)
59. , . 25 , 0,25 , :
OH, | 3,2 | 6,1 | 9,2 | 15,4 | 20,1 | 23,4 |
c×102, 11 | 3,28 | 2,56 | 1,85 | 1,64 | 2,40 | 2,96 |
/.
60. 25 , 90×104; 126,4×104 426×104 121. . (389,6104 121)
61. 25 0,1 :
VH, | 3,2 | 6,0 | 9,2 | 15,6 | 20,0 | 23,5 |
c×102, 11 | 3,20 | 2,56 | 1,86 | 1,64 | 2,38 | 2,96 |
/.
62. 25 6,98×108 6,76×108 2/×. 500 / 2,612×102 11. . (0,985)
63. , , 2,54 2 0,65 5,61 . , 79,7×104 121, - 1,01 /3. (3,3%)
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64. , 1,83×104 /, 113,07×104 121. . (20,7104 11)
65. 0,01 , 18 14,3×104 121. 349×104 121. (0,041; 1,75105)
66. pH 0,1 NH4OH, 4×104 121, 272,2×104 121. (11,17)
67. 426,4 1. 0,2 , 18 . 98,7×104 121. (216 )
68. H+ 349,8×104 198,5×104 121. H+ H. (36,2108 211; 20,57108 211)
69. 0,03 H3H 25 2,81×102 11. 390,7×104 121. pH . (3,14)
70. 0,05 , 18 3,25×102 11. 3 + 34×104 315×104 121. (0,0186; 1,73105)
71. NH4OH 0,5 0,0482, 0,655 11. . (271,8104 121)
72. 0,1 35,2 . 0,1 AgNO3 42,4 . AgNO3, Kl 1,29 11. (1,071 11; 107,1104 121)
73. 12,5 4,6×104. 0,05 . (0,096)
74. 0,307 18 404,3 . , 0,02 4318 , - 0,239 11. . (2,55 11; 83,15104 121)
75. 25 1,5×105. 15,6×103 / 11,6×104 121. . (374,2104 121)
76. "" . . 50 0,5 :
KOH, | 3,0 | 6,4 | 9,0 | 17,0 | 20,5 | 25,0 |
c×102, 11 | 3,65 | 2,75 | 2,05 | 1,70 | 2,55 | 3,65 |
/.
77. , 0,02 25 350 , 0,2765 11. (96,77 1)
78. , 0,02 KCl 22 300 , 0,2606 11. (78,18 1)
79. 25 0,01 94%. 115×104 121. . (0,1081 11)
80. Na+, Rb+ Cl 50,1×104; 77,8×104 76,3×104 121. .
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81. Na+, Fe2+, Cl, SO42 : 50,1104; 53,5104; 76,35104 80,0104 121. (II).
82. ?
83. Na+ Cl, H+ OH.
84. Z? ?
85. , , , ?
86. , 0,1 KCl 20 24 , 1,167 11. , , 45 . (0,6224 11)
87. HCl 25 0,185 11, 370,0104 121. . (2,3)
88. 1% (ρ = 1,0053 /) 1,8 11. . (105,9104 121)
: | 31, 42, 43, 54, 71 | 1, 6, 51, 58, 88 | 26, 27, 49, 67, 84 | 11, 23, 65, 74, 81 | 8, 14, 25, 55, 80 | 16, 24, 45, 63, 76 | 3, 4, 18, 64, 73 | 7, 13, 32, 59, 76 | 24, 29, 43, 60, 86 | 11, 19, 41, 53, 78 | |||
23, 41, 42, 87, 88 | 21,40, 57, 74, 84 | 25, 29, 31, 66, 81 | 16, 20, 37, 64, 80 | 5, 15, 22, 56, 76 | 11, 19, 42, 68, 69 | 1, 15, 39, 62, 72 | 2,,24, 27 58, 60 | 19, 33, 38, 53, 85 | 15, 42, 74, 77, 81 | ||||
20, 33, 38, 82, 84 | 36, 37, 43, 67, 81 | 22, 23, 38, 65, 80 | 17, 30, 42, 76, 79 | 3, 26, 35, 63, 69 | 6, 41, 50, 62, 70 | 6, 10, 13, 60, 70 | 19, 29, 43, 53, 57 | 16, 41, 67, 74, 78 | 14, 37, 45, 75, 84 | ||||
16, 17, 29, 79, 81 | 30, 35, 42, 66, 80 | 20, 34, 41, 64, 76 | 12, 26, 33, 56, 69 | 1, 21, 18, 62, 89 | 38, 49, 51, 60, 72 | 7, 19, 27, 53, 68 | 38, 42, 55, 74, 80 | 11, 37, 42, 77, 79 | 10, 30, 48, 73, 90 | ||||
11, 12, 27, 67, 80 | 18, 26, 33, 65, 76 | 17, 32, 42, 63, 69 | 9, 25, 43, 62, 67 | 34, 36, 51, 60, 82 | 29, 31, 39, 53, 73 | 2, 29, 61, 65, 74 | 33, 37, 41, 54, 81 | 15, 30, 45, 75, 82 | 6, 25, 35, 71, 72 | ||||
6, 9, 13, 66, 76 | 15, 16, 25, 64, 69 | 12, 24, 45, 56, 62 | 8, 22, 34, 60, 64 | 32, 39, 40, 53, 79 | 23, 27, 28, 71, 86 | 37, 38, 43, 59, 66 | 16, 30, 42, 84, 86 | 10, 25, 48, 73, 87 | 2, 18, 22, 56, 70 | ||||
8, 34, 51, 65, 69 | 11, 14, 22, 62, 63 | 9, 19, 48, 60, 79 | 5, 21, 32, 53, 81 | 24, 28, 46, 67, 73 | 4, 13, 20, 85, 87 | 30, 41, 42, 58, 67 | 11, 25, 45, 85, 88 | 6, 14, 22, 53, 72 | 13, 21, 43, 63, 68 | ||||
5, 32, 39, 62, 64 | 6, 10, 21, 56, 60 | 4, 8, 53, 82, 83 | 3, 24, 61, 74, 88 | 19, 50, 52, 66, 72 | 2, 17, 37, 69, 78 | 14, 25, 33, 57, 79 | 15, 22, 48, 71, 78 | 7, 21, 35, 60, 70 | 33, 34, 36, 61, 64 | ||||
3, 24, 28, 60, 63 | 7, 48, 50, 53, 71 | 5, 28, 52, 55, 87 | 1, 19, 37, 59, 84 | 4, 47, 49, 65, 70 | 7, 12, 30, 76, 77 | 16, 22, 45, 55, 82 | 6, 10, 21, 56, 77 | 2, 13, 34, 62, 68 | 27, 32, 42, 59, 65 | ||||
1, 4, 19, 53, 56 | 2, 45, 49, 55, 87 | 3, 39, 47, 59, 88 | 13, 30, 50, 58, 71 | 6, 31, 64, 68, 83 | 9, 10, 74, 75, 80 | 11, 21, 48, 54, 87 | 5, 14, 51, 63, 75 | 18, 27, 32, 61, 69 | 7, 16, 29, 58, 66 | ||||
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