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1. . =8,9. . =7, , , .

=./.=[A] / []; =[+ ] ∙ [] / [A] = 1,8 ∙105

= [A] / [] = 1107 / 1,8 ∙105 = 0,5 ∙102 0,5%.

2. (p=4):

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O,

8,9. . =[CH3COOH]/[CH3COO]=[H+]/K = 10pT / 10pK = 10pKpT = 104,744 = 100,74 = 5,5; [CH3COOH] / [CH3COO] = 5,5 / 1. ʳ 6,5; 5,5 ∙100% / 6,5 = 85%. ( = . / . =1 104 / 1,8 ∙105 = 5,5 85%).

100%, , 550%. () .

3. CH3COONa.

:

CH3COO + H+ → CH3COOH. = ½ ½ lg - = ½ 4,74 + 0,5 =2,9. =3 , . (=4), . :

=[.]/[ .]=[CH3COO]/[CH3COOH] = / [H+] = 1,8∙105/1104 = 1,8∙101 100% =18%. : 0,18, 1 + 0,18 =1,18; = 0,18 100% /1,18 = 15,25%.

4. Na2CO3 =9. ,

½ (6,5 +10,22) = 8,36. = 9 .

= [.] / [.] = [CO32] / [HCO3] = K" / [H+] =

6 ∙1011 / 1∙ 109 =6 ∙102 100% = 6%. ( - 0,06 /1; 1,06; 0,06 100% / 1,06 = 5,66%.

=8 ( 15 ), , H2CO3. =[.]/[.] = [H2CO3] / [HCO3] = [H+] / ' = 1 ∙108 / 3 ∙ 107 = 0,03 100% = 3%, 0,03 / 1; 1,03; 0,03 100% /1,03 = 2,91%.

(= 4), (3,75) .

= [.] / [.] = [HCO3 ] / [H2CO3] = ' / [H+] =

3 ∙107 / 1 ∙104 = 3 103 100% = 0,3%.

ֳ , =8 , = 9. , , .

() , .

, , =9 ( ), , [CO32] ( ) [HCO3] () .

= " + lg C / C.; 9 = 10,22 + lg C/ C.; 9 10,22 =
= lg C / C.;

1,22 = lg C / C.; 101,22 = 102 100,78 = 6 102 100% = 6%.

: [CO32] / [HCO3] = 10pK / 10pT = 9 10,22 = 1,22. ( ).





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: 2015-01-29; !; : 775 |


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