.


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DOVE

1955 . Unilever ( Lever Brothers) Dove, . , , ( , ). , , . 1979 . .

, 1979 ., , , , , Dove , . , Unilever . 25% , Dove, , , . 1980- . Dove . 2003 . Unilever Dove $330 , 24% .

Dove 1965 . , . , Dove , , Palmolive,


( IV)



. Palmolive; Dove , . , Dove , . , , 3%. Dove, .

1990 . Dove , , P&G, Olay, 1993 . Olay, 25% . , Dove , . , , .

Olay Dove Moisturizing Body. Dove, 1996 . . 1999 . Dove - Nut-rium, , . , Dove , 50% , . Dove Nutrium ( ), Olay . , Dove , .


( IV)



. , Weightless Moisturizers, , , , . Dove Hair Care , 2003 . , , .

2003 . Dove $2 , , 1990 .

1. Dove ?

2. , Dove, $2 ? ? ?

3. ? Dove , (, , ) P&G?

4. Dove ?

5. Dove?

: Free Press, Simons & Schuster Adult Publishing Group Brand Portfolio Strategy: Creating Relevance, Differentiation, Energy, Leverage, and Clarity, by David A. Aaker. Copyright 2004 by David A. Aaker. All rights reserved.

Intel

1990- . Intel , -



IV.


. $1,2 1989 . $33 2000 . $400 . , Intel , , . , Intel , , .

Intel , , - . 1978 ., Intel 8086, IBM . Intel : 286 1982 ., 386 1985 . 486 1989 . Intel .

1991 . Intel , 386 , , Intel 86 . , , AMD386, , , 386 .

1991 . Intel , Intel Inside $100 . ( , , , Intel dropped-e.) , Intel Inside, 6%- Intel, , 50% . Intel , , , , , Intel Inside.


( IV)



Intel, , , , - . Intel Inside , . , $1 , , .

Intel Inside 10% ( , Intel). , Intel , , , Intel .

1992 ., 486 , , Intel Inside. . Intel 586 Intel Inside , 86. , Pentium.

Pentium . -, , 586. -, , Intel. -, Intel Inside , Intel Inside Pentium, , . , , , , -



IV.


.

Intel Pentium . , Pentium , . Pentium , , . , Pentium, , Pentium Pro (1995), Pentium Ȼ (1997), Pentium III (1999) Pentium IV (2000).

1998 . Intel . , , , . , , . , Pentium , . , Intel Inside Pentium. 1998 . Pentium . Pentium, . , Pentium , .

2001 . Pentium. ( , NetBurst) . , , , , . , , Intel, .


( IV)



1999 . ( ). , , , Intel. , , Pentium ( ) . Celeron. , , , , .

Celeron Intel Inside, Pentium. , Celeron Intel, Pentium - , .

2001 . Intel Itanium Pentium, . Pentium V? , (EPIC), 64 Pentium 32 . , , , Pentium.

2003 . Intel Centrino. , , . , ( Celerino ). Centrino Intel , . , , .



IV.


Centrino , , . , , . - , Centrino, Intel , , . Intel Inside . , , Intel , .

1. Intel Inside 1991 ., 1992 . $100 . ? Compaq ? A Dell? ? Intel Inside Intel, AMD?

2. 1992 ., 586: Intel 586, i586, ? ?

3. 86 Pentium . Intel , ?

4. ( Pentium), ( )?

5. Centrino. Intel ?


V


16

.

, .

, . , Texas Instruments

Korvette . 1962 . , , .1

, . . ( , , ) .

, , , Kmart. . , , . Korvette , , .


16.



. . , , , , . 1966 . , .

Korvette . , , . .

. 16.1.

(. 16.1) . : , , . , , -



V.


, . , . 16.1 . , , , ().

, , . 16 . , . .

, .





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