, , - . [ . 102].
(2-), (1-) (, 0-) :
1. 2-, 1-, 0- 2-, 1-, 0--. , 2- () : ) ( , ); ) (); ) ; - ; , DtAB <B, DtBA <A; DtAB ³ Dtmin =RAB/VKmax, DtBA ³ Dtmin = RAB/VKmax, DtAB DtBA ; , B ; RAB , Dtmin , RAB , VKmax = c.
() dt2 ( ) dS2 (- ), 2-, 1-, 0-, .. , .
, , t , a S . , , , S , t . , , , , , 1-, 0-, . . .
, 2-, 1-, 0- . , , - , , , . , , -, .
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: 2-, 1-, 0- : , ; ; , . , , () » () , 2- 0-.
, 2- 1- - , 1- , . . . 1- . () , () ( , , (), () ) . 2- : ( ) , , .
2. - (. 9). DtAB DtBA, ; DtAB =RAB/VKa, DtBA= RAB/VKb, VKa, VKb . m k, . . Akm = mk. , , (<, >, =) . 23 = 32 = 9. , , .
. 9 , 9. ( 1), ( 4, 6), ( 9) 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, , .
3. , - . . 9: - 1 9, 2 8, 3 7, 4 6, 5 5. 5 -0- (= =)
9. -
. . | ||||
2- < < | DtAB <TB, | DtBA <TA | << | |
-2- = < -2- < = | DtAB =TB DtAB <TB | DtBA <TA DtBA =TA | =< < = | |
1 - < > | DtAB <TB | DtBA >TA | < > | |
-0- = = | DtAB =TB | DtBA <TA | = = | |
1 - > < | DtAB >TB | DtBA <TA | >< | |
-0- > = | DtAB >TB | DtBA =TA | > = | |
-0- = > | DtAB =TB | DtBA >TA | = > | |
0- >> | DtAB >TB | DtBA >TA | >> |
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. . - . 10, 9 9- . . 10 , : 1) , b Î a F b ; 2) F , , b, a F (b F c) = (a F b) F c. , <<F(<>F><)(<<F= =) << (<<F<>) F>< (>=F>><) <<; 3) F -0- (= =), .. , F 9 (. 2- 2- . 10); 4) -1, a F a -1= a -1 F a = = =. , <<F>> >>F<< = =, = <F= > = >F= < = = .. ( ).
. 10 , , . . ; 9- , , , : , , . , F, . 10, .
4. , , -. . 10,
10. 9-
F | = = | >> | << | =< | => | <> | >< | <= | >= |
= = | = = | >> | << | =< | => | <> | >< | <= | >= |
>> | >> | << | = = | >= | >< | =< | <= | => | <> |
<< | << | = = | >> | <> | <= | >= | => | >< | =< |
=< | =< | >= | <> | => | = = | <= | >> | << | >< |
=> | => | >< | <= | = = | =< | << | >= | <> | >> |
<> | <> | =< | >= | <= | << | >< | = = | >> | => |
>< | >< | <= | => | >> | >= | = = | <> | =< | << |
<= | <= | => | >< | << | <> | >> | =< | >= | = = |
>= | >= | <> | =< | >< | >> | => | << | = = | <= |
, - a F a -1= a -1F a = = = ( ), (): 1) a F a = a -1, a -1F a -1= ( ); 2) a F = = = = = F a = , a -1F= = = = = F a -1 = a -1 ( - ). (. 10) 72, 36 , 36 - ( ) a F b = b F a = ab () 35 (), 5 ( ). , 2-, 1-, 0- .
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5. . 11 , 2-, 1-, 0-, , .
11.
. 11, 9 . Akm = mk. m=3 (+, , ), k = 2. A23= 32 = 9.
.
, () . [4]. : + + , , . (, , ) . - ; ; ; ; .
, , . . .
+ + , . . . .
, . . : +, , + , . . , , .
. 911 . , : , . . , , , - . .
, , , , , , .
11 9 (. 9, 11). [13], {} {1} , () . , {} 1 (1), , b... {} 1, b1... (1) . , {}, , {1}, ; , , .
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{} {1} f, , {}, a1 {1}: (a)f = a1. . .
, , , -0- = = , 2- << , , + + , 11 9 : 1) <<...+ + ; 2) = <... + ; 3) <=...+;4) <>...+-; 5) = =...; 6) >< - + ; 7) >=...; 8) =>...-; 9) >>... .
12. 9-
F | AB | -A-B | +A+B | A+B | A-B | +A-B | -A+B | +AB | -AB |
AB | AB | -A-B | +A+B | A+B | A-B | +A-B | -A+B | +AB | -AB |
-A-B | -A-B | +A+B | AB | -AB | -A+B | A+B | +AB | A-B | +A+B |
+A+B | +A+B | AB | -A-B | +A-B | +AB | -AB | A-B | -A+B | A+B |
A+B | A+B | -AB | +A-B | A-B | AB | +AB | -A-B | +A+B | -A+B |
A-B | A-B | -A+B | +AB | AB | A+B | +A+B | -AB | +A-B | -A-B |
+A-B | +A-B | A+B | -AB | +AB | +A+B | -A+B | AB | -A-B | A-B |
-A+B | -A+B | +AB | A-B | -A-B | -AB | AB | +A-B | A+B | +A+B |
+AB | +AB | A-B | -A+B | +A+B | +A-B | -A-B | A+B | -AB | AB |
-AB | -AB | +A-B | A+B | -A+B | -A-B | A-B | +A+B | AB | +AB |
11 9 9 F 11 F 9- : 1-, 3-, 9- (. 12). , . , 9- 27- , 9- : F ( . 4, 10, 12 F). , .
, . : 1- : = = ; 3- : = =, >>,<< , , + + »; = =,=<, = > , +, », ==, <>, >< , + , + », ==, <=, >=, +, »; 9- (. 10) (. 12). , (2-, 1-, 0-) = = , , 3- . , , . , , , , 9- 9- ( !), .
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.
, ( t , a S ). , , - ( S , t ), , , . , ; , .
, , , , , . , , , , 9 - (4 2-, 1-, 0- 5 ) 9 , (3 , 2 , 4 ). 9- . , , , . . , " = " [43. . 29. . 142].
, .
. . , . . . , , , [66. . 111].
. . . , , : NB. , , . NB [43. . 29. . 143]. , .
-, , , - - - . , , , .
-, , - , , , .
, ( - ) , -, - , , , . . . . [. 66].
, , . - , (, , , , ), , , , , , , , . -, -, - .
, .