, , : , - (Berry, Poortinga, Segall & Dasen, 1992). , , , . , . , - (Al-Issa, 1995; Draguns, 1980; Tanaka-Matsumi & Draguns, 1997). etic- -. - etic- /- (, 1969). , (Segall, Lonner & Berry, 1998), -
, , , , , , ( ) (. 1104).
, , , , (Matsumoto, 1994, . 4).
etic - . , . , (Kraepelin, 1904) (, dementia praecox - ), -
. (Brody, 1967), (Devereux, 1961), (Draguns, 1973), (Kiev, 1972), (Lin, 1953), . . . (. . . Murphy, 1982a), . . (J. . Murphy & Leighton, 1965), (Pfeiffer, 1970), (Wittkower & Rin, 1965), (Yap, 1974). XX - , : ? (Kraepelin, 1904) ?
, - , , , (Leff, 1988). - (Draguns, 1980).
|
|
- . -*- (Brislin, 1983, . 382). , , , . - - , a priori . - , (Kleinman, 1988; Littlewood, 1990).
(Sabrin & Juhasz, 1982) , , , (Mead, 1935) (Benedict, 1934), . , 1960- (Foucault, 1965), (Goffman, 1961), (Sabrin, 1969), (Scheff, 1966), (Szasz, 1961), (Ullmann & Krasner, 1969). , . , , , , .
1960- , , , (Tanaka-Matsumi & Chang, 1999). , . . CJ. . Murphy, 1976) , : - , . , -
(, , , , ), . , , , (, ) (, ). -- , (Ullmann & Krasner, 1969, 1975) , .
|
|
- (Tanaka-Matsumi & Chang, 1999) , , 40 (DSM), (American Psychiatric Association, 1980, 1987, 1994). , etic- emic- etic- '- (Brislin, 1983) . , (Draguns, 1980), , : ) ; ) ; ) , , , .
. etic -- (Brislin, 1983), eric- (Berry, 1969) , , , .
: etfc-, /-