, , - , , (Jackson, 1986). - (Fabrega, 1974; Marsella, 1980). - , . , (Carothers, 1953) , , , , , .
, . (Prince, 1968) , , , 1950- , . (Field, 1960), -
, , . , , , . 1970- (, Fabrega, 1974; Singer, 1975).
(Marsella, 1980) , . , -, (. 274) , , , , (. 274). , - depression, (Tanaka-Matsumi & Marsella, 1976).
30 % , , 2 (Weissman, Bruce, Leaf, Florio & Holzer, 1991). , . , , , , , .
|
|
. , , , 3,3 % () 12,6% ( ) (Hwu & Compton, 1994). lifetime prevalence . , , , 5,8 %, (Kessleret al., 1994) , 17,1%. , , , , . , , .
etic- (WHO, 1983) , , . . (JV^ 573) (,
Standardized Assesment of Depressive Disorders, SADD) , . / 39 . 0,96, 0,90. (WHO, 1983) , 76 % , , , , , , , (. 61). 59 % . - . , 40% , , /, 39 . , - . , , (Marsella, Sartorius, Jablensky & Fenton, 1985) , .
- , . , , (WHO, 1983, . 137). , . , , , . . . . (. . . Murphy, 1982a) (Jackson, 1986) , - . , , , , , (Kimura, 1967; Pfeifer, 1994; Rao, 1973; Yap, 1971). Cay (Sow, 1980), , . - , - , (. . . Murphy, 1982a).
|
|
, - , etic^ - . - , (Manson, Shore & Bloom, 1985), (, American Indian Depression Scale, AIDS), . , , . : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) , ; ) . AIDS
(National Institute of Mental Health DIS, NIMH-DIS), , . AIDS . , , , . DSM-UI. DSM-IU . , , , , , , , , , (Manson et al., 1985, p. 350).
, . (Brown & Harris, 1978) , , , . , , , . (Cronkite & Moos, 1995) , , , , (. 576). , , . , , , , . , , (, ), (, ) (, ) (Radford, Nakane, Ohta, Mann & Kalucy, 1991). , (Coyne & Downey, 1991; Cronkite & Moos, 1995). - - .
|
|
, , , , , , (Davidson & Neale, 1998). dementia praecox
(Kraepelin, 1904) (praecox) (dementia). , . (Bleuler, 1902) . , , , , . 30 , , , .
(Keith, Regier & Rae, 1991) 1,3 %, 18-29-, . 2-3 , (2,1%) (2,9%), , (1,0%) (0,7%). , , , . 5 , - , , . - , (2,1%) , (1,45 %) (0,8 %) . , , , - , . - , . , (Davison & Neale, 1998).
- 1 (, International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, IPSS), (WHO, 1973, 1979). 30 20 17 . ) , ) , ) , ) ) (Jablensky, 1987).
|
|
IPSS (WHO, 1973) 1202 (), (, ), ( , , , ), () (). IPSS -
, (, Present State Examination, PSE; Wing, Cooper, Sartorius, 1974). BO3 (WHO, 19.73) . , - (, , , ), , .
(WHO, 1979) . 75,6% . , . , , . , .
, . (, ), (, ). 48 % (), 47 % () 36 % ( ) - 75 % . 7 19 % () () - . , , (WHO, 1979). , . , () , . (Warner, 1994) , . (Jablensky, 1989) , , ( ) (. 521), IPSS , , , .
, (Jablensky et al., 1992). 1379 12 10 : (); (); (); (); (); (); (); (); ( ); () , - (). . -
. . . .
2-3 (Day et al., 1987.). . , , /, . (, " ) , . , , , , .
|
|
. . . . (. . . Murphy, 1982b) , . : 1) ; 2) , ; 3) ; 4) , , , (. 223). . . . , - , , . , , - , (Neale & Oltmanns, 1980).
. (Cohen, 1992) ^, . , . - (Waxier-Morrison, 1992), , , -. (, Hopper, 1992) , . (Jablensky & Sartorius, 1988) , -
(. 68). - (Kleinman, 1988) , , , , .