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51. = (1, 2,..., n) n , .

. 1 7.2 . .

, , . , , .

43. .

. = (1, 2,..., n) n. . , .

11 = 1. 2 ^ 1, 21 = 2. a , 21 = a 1 + 2 11. 21 ¹ 0, , (11, 21 ) = 0, .. (1, a 1 + 2) = 0. a 12 + (1, 2) = 0. 1 ¹ 0. 11 21 , . 31 31 = a1 11 + a2 21 + 3. , 31 11 21, , (11, 31) = (21, 31) = 0.

( 43) . ,

31 . 11, 21, 31 , . 11, 21, , n11 , n1 n1 = b1× 11 + b2× 21 + + bn1× n11 + n. n1 , b1, b2, , bn 1 (11, n1) = (21, n1) = = (n11, n1) = 0. , . , 1 = (11, 21,..., n1) . , .

44. .

, (, ) =1, (, s)= 0, ¹ s.

. (1, 2,, n), ½ ½= (47).

45. .

. ( )

= . = (1, 2,..., n) . . (41) = ××. 1 = | |×| |2. | |2 > 0, | | > 0. < 1, 2,..., > n

, . , , .

. .

1. =   , .
2. = , .
3. = , | | = 81 < 0, .  
4.D = D , , | D | = 5 > 0, = 7 > 0. , D .

46. = (1, 2, , n) = (1, 2, , n), (, ) = 11 + 22 + + nn (48).

. ,

(, ) = ×× = × = (1, 2, , n) × = 11 + 22 + + nn.

. 4 1 = (2, 1, 1, 2) 2 = (3, 2, 5, 1). L = < 1, 2 >.

. L ^, Î L ^ Û (1, ) = (2, ) = 0. = (1, 2, 3, 4). , (1, ) = 2 1 + 2 + 3 +2 4, (2, ) = 3 1 +2 2 5 3 + 4. , Î L ^ Û , ,

= ( 1 32, 1 8 2, 1, 7 2), 1, 2 .

, L ^ - ,

1 = (1, 1, 1, 0), 2 = (3, 8, 0, 7), .. L ^ = < 1, 2 >.





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