51. = (1, 2,..., n) n , .
. 1 7.2 . .
, , . , , .
43. .
. = (1, 2,..., n) n. . , .
11 = 1. 2 ^ 1, 21 = 2. a , 21 = a 1 + 2 11. 21 ¹ 0, , (11, 21 ) = 0, .. (1, a 1 + 2) = 0. a 12 + (1, 2) = 0. 1 ¹ 0. 11 21 , . 31 31 = a1 11 + a2 21 + 3. , 31 11 21, , (11, 31) = (21, 31) = 0.
( 43) . , |
31 . 11, 21, 31 , . 11, 21, , n11 , n1 n1 = b1× 11 + b2× 21 + + bn1× n11 + n. n1 , b1, b2, , bn 1 (11, n1) = (21, n1) = = (n11, n1) = 0. , . , 1 = (11, 21,..., n1) . , .
44. .
, (, ) =1, (, s)= 0, ¹ s.
. (1, 2,, n), ½ ½= (47).
45. .
. ( )
= . | = (1, 2,..., n) . . (41) = ××. 1 = | |×| |2. | |2 > 0, | | > 0. < 1, 2,..., > n |
, . , , .
|
|
. .
1. = | , . |
2. = | , . |
3. = | , | | = 81 < 0, . |
4.D = | D , , | D | = 5 > 0, = 7 > 0. , D . |
46. = (1, 2, , n) = (1, 2, , n), (, ) = 11 + 22 + + nn (48).
. ,
(, ) = ×× = × = (1, 2, , n) × = 11 + 22 + + nn.
. 4 1 = (2, 1, 1, 2) 2 = (3, 2, 5, 1). L = < 1, 2 >.
. L ^, Î L ^ Û (1, ) = (2, ) = 0. = (1, 2, 3, 4). , (1, ) = 2 1 + 2 + 3 +2 4, (2, ) = 3 1 +2 2 5 3 + 4. , Î L ^ Û , ,
= ( 1 32, 1 8 2, 1, 7 2), 1, 2 .
, L ^ - ,
1 = (1, 1, 1, 0), 2 = (3, 8, 0, 7), .. L ^ = < 1, 2 >.