, 譭 ( 1 . ). 2,4,6- (, ) 1,3,5--2,4,6- (), , - 1,3,5-, , , - N- , , , , ..
.
13.1 -
10-60 5 - 58-60% HNO3, 30-32% H2SO4, 8-12% H2O 20-60 1 . ( 96-98%) - ( 75% H2SO4, 18% HNO3, 7% H2O, =86*) 75-80 1 . 90-91% -, 8-9% - 1-2% -. - - - ( ).
________
*: () H2SO4 ( HNO3).
- , - . , , H2SO4.
1,3,5- - ( HNO3 , 150) , , , 2,4,6- 2,4,6-譭 譭 .
- , ( , ) .
13.2
, 1,5- 1,8- ( 13.2.1):
13.2.1
- , .
|
|
10π- ( ), . (61 /) (362=72 /), . , π-, . σ- (I↔II, 13.2.2) 25 /, 32.5, . α- .
β - , .. (III↔IV).
13.2.2
β - 3-4 / , α-. - ,
α-, 1,5- 1,8-.
- (68%- HNO3 HNO3 H2SO4) c 60-62 50-60oC , (58% H2SO4, 22% HNO3, 20% H2O) . α- β- 40:60 1,3- (γ). . 50 ÷ 60 α-. - , .
- .
, . - 1,2,5-, 1,3,5-, 1,3,8-, 1,4,5- .