- ( ) - ( ). . 5.1, , f (υx) fM (υx). , , υ. . .
) )
. 5.1. - ()
- (): 1 =0; 2 ≠0
. - , , , - . . .
, (. 5.1, , ) , i,
i = σ, (5.1)
σ .
, , , , 107108 -1-1, 10-1210-14 -1-1.
σ ρ
ρ =1/ σ. (5.2)
, , J. , F, . , F
F = - . (5.3)
, , , mn* . F , :
, (5.4)
1/ τ , .
(5.4) , , . , .
(5.4)
, (5.5)
. (5.6)
μn
J = μn. (5.7)
μn < 0, μp > 0.
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(5.4) τ. , E =0. (5.4)
. (5.8)
(5.8)
J (t)= J 0exp(- t / τ), (5.9)
J 0 t = 0.
. τ . .
, λ. , , . , .
,
λ = Jτ, (5.10)
J .
, , , ν. , , , ν
. (5.11)
(5.6), ,
. (5.12)
(5.1) . , J, . .
Q = Ven = Jen, (5.13)
V ;
n .
(5.13) i. (5.13) (5.1),
i = enJ = enμ, (5.14)
.. σ = enμ, (5.15)
(5.12)
. (5.16)
(5.11) (5.14) . : . , .
. . (5.12) (5.16)
, (5.17)
. (5.18)
. . 5.1, , υ....υ . , , , . 5.1, . (5.12) (5.16) λ . υ, τ, ν
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, (5.19)
. (5.20)